ʻO ke kumu o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe plastic no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāpana plastik

Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mea plastik i kahi hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa i nā makahiki he 50 i hala, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea kūʻai aku.

I kēia manawa ma Western Europe, ka nui o ka hana ea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i ka hana ʻana o Steel.

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i wehewehe nui ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā huahana mea kūʻai aku, me ka hoʻololi nui ʻana i nā plastics, metala a me ke aniani e like me nā mea no nā ipu, ka pahu, nā mea hana, nā uila, etc.

ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea plastic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe penei:

• He māmā lākou a no laila e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai o ka halihali.
• He lōʻihi lākou a ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka palekana.
• Hiki iā lākou ke hana ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā noi.
• Loaʻa iā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka thermal, acoustic a me ka uila uila.
• Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā noi meaʻai.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā plastik ma muli o DIN 7728 a me DIN 16780 maʻamau no nā hui plastik.

ʻO nā plastics nā mea kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia ʻo polymers, nā mea i loaʻa mai ka Petroleum a i ʻole Natural Gas, nā mea lawe i ka Carbon C, hydrogen H, oxygen O a me nā molekala ʻē aʻe e like me ka nitrogen N, chlorine CL, sulfur S a i ʻole CO2. I kēia manawa, ʻo 4% wale nō o ka ʻaila i hoʻololi ʻia i mau mea plastic.

lula ea lawe ʻia mai ka ʻaila mai e ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe wela (cracking), kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai ʻo Ethylene, Propylene, Butylene a me nā hydrocarbons ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā macromolecules, a i ʻole plastics, ua hana ʻia me ka lehulehu o nā ʻāpana hana maʻalahi, i kapa ʻia nā monomers; ʻoiai ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea i kōkua ʻia e nā pilina kemika e hoʻāla ai i nā polymers.

He aha nā polymers?

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā polymers e ka hui ʻana o nā haneli haneli o nā molekole liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he monometers e hana i nā kaulahao nui loa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā plastik:

• Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics e like me nā pae like ʻole, e pili ana i:
• ʻO ka hana polymerization. (polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition).
• hale polimer. (ka hoʻokalakala, superstructures).

Ka hana / waiwai o ka polymer. (Nā mea kūʻai, nā plastics loea, nā plastics hana kiʻekiʻe).

Ma muli o ka mea i luna, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics i:

• Nā mea wela wela. (Polyolefins, Vinyl or Acrylic Polymers, Polyamides, Polyesters, etc.)
• Māmā.
• Nā Elastomers.

ʻO nā waiwai mechanical o nā mea thermoplastic e pili ana i ka Degree of Polymerization, ʻo ia ka nui e ana i ka helu o nā loulou e hana ai i ke kaulahao mole. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka polymerization, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tensile a me ka waimaka kūʻē, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o ka hopena, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka crystallize, ka liʻiliʻi o ka pehu a me nā māwae pilikia. .

Ma ka hihia o nā mea Elastomeric a me Thermoset, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau waiwai e ka Degree of Crosslinking, e ana i ka pākēneka o nā helu crosslinking (ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma waena o nā mole) i ka ʻōnaehana polymer. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka crosslinking, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūpaʻa o ka mea, kona rigidity a me kona kūpaʻa wela.

He māmā nā plastic, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hāʻawi lākou i nā waiwai kino a me nā mechanical maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā kala like ʻole, hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā plastics ʻē aʻe a i ʻole me nā mea inorganic. He kūpaʻa loa lākou i nā mea kemika, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia a / a hiki ke hana hou ʻia.

No ka 'ike hou aku e pili ana i ke kumu o ka kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻilika no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻāpana plastik, hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i Djmolding ma https://www.djmolding.com/description-of-the-plastic-injection-molding-method-and-manufacturing-process-step-by-step/ no ka mea,ʻike'ē aʻe.