Aasaaska habka cirbadaynta caagga ah ee wax-soo-saarka qayb caag ah

Alaabta balaastigga ahi waxay diwaan galiyeen horumar aan caadi ahayn 50kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, kaas oo ka badan agabyada kale ee la isticmaalo.

Currently ee Western Europe, mugga wax soo saarka ee caag alaabtu waxay ka badan tahay wax soo saarka Birta.

Kobaca isticmaalku waxa inta badan lagu macneeyaa korodhka alaabta macmiisha, ka dib markii ay si weyn u bedeshay balaastikada, biraha iyo dhalooyinka sida alaabta weelasha, baakadaha, qalabka dhismaha, elektiroonigga, iwm.

Faa'iidooyinka ay bixiyaan maaddooyinka caagga ah marka la barbar dhigo walxaha kale waa kuwan soo socda:

• Way fudud yihiin sidaas darteed waxay yareeyaan kharashka gaadiidka.
• Waa kuwo waara oo inta badan ka xoog badan oo ammaan ah.
• Waxa lagu soo saari karaa qaabab iyo codsiyo aad u tiro badan.
• Waxay leeyihiin sifooyin aad u wanaagsan sida kuleyl, cod iyo korantada.
• Waxaa lagu isticmaali karaa codsiyada cuntada.

Caagadaha waxaa lagu saleeyay DIN 7728 iyo DIN 16780 ee isku dhafka balaastikada.

Caagagtu waa maaddooyin dabiici ah oo farsamo ahaan loo yaqaan polymers, kuwaas oo laga helo Batroolka ama Gaaska Dabiiciga ah, kuwaas oo sida Carbon C, hydrogen H, oxygen O iyo molecules kale sida nitrogen N, chlorine CL, sulfur S ama CO2. Hadda, kaliya 4% saliidda ayaa loo beddelaa walxo caag ah.

caaga waxaa laga soo saaraa batroolka habka kuleylka kuleylka (dillaaca), kaas oo Ethylene, Propylene, Butylene iyo hydrocarbons kale ay kala qaybsan yihiin.

Macromolecules, ama balaastikada, waxay ka kooban yihiin unug dhismeedyo badan oo fudud, oo loo yaqaan monomers; halka isku darka kuwan ay kaalmeeyaan isdhexgalka kiimikaad ay keenayso polymers.

Waa maxay polymers?

Polymers waxa soo saara midowga boqolaal kun oo unugyo yaryar ah oo loo yaqaan monometers kuwaas oo sameeya silsilado aad u kala duwan.

Kala soocidda caagagga:

• Caagagga waxaa loo kala saaraa iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudo kala duwan, iyadoo lagu saleynayo:
• Habka polymerization. (polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition).
• Qaab dhismeedka polymer. (crystallinity, superstructures).

Dabeecadda / sifooyinka polymer-ka. (Alaabooyinka, balaastikada farsamada, balaastikada waxqabadka sare).

Sida kor ku xusan, balaastikada waxaa loo kala saaraa:

• Thermoplastics. (Polyolefins, Vinyl ama Acrylic Polymers, Polyamides, Polyester, iwm.)
• Heerkulbeegga
• Elastomers

Sifooyinka farsamaysan ee qalabka thermoplastic waxay la xidhiidhaan Degree of Polymerization, taas oo ah tiro cabbiraysa tirada isku xidhka ee ka kooban silsiladda kelli. Dhab ahaantii, heerka sare ee polymerization, heerka sare ee viscosity, weynaanta adkaysiga iyo jeexjeexa iska caabbinta, weynaanta adagaanta, weynaanta caabbinta saameynta iyo, taa beddelkeeda, yaraanta u janjeera in ay crystallize, awoodda barar yar iyo dildilaaca walaaca yar. .

Marka laga hadlayo agabka Elastomeric iyo Thermoset, hantidooda waxa lagu xidhay Degree of Crosslinking, taas oo cabbiraysa boqolkiiba dhibcaha isku xidhka (isku xidhka molecules) ee nidaamka polymerka. Heerka sare ee isgoysyada, way sii weynaataa caabbinta walxaha, adkaysigeeda iyo caabbinta kulaylka.

Caagagtu waa iftiin, si fudud ayaa loo qaabeeyey, waxay bixiyaan sifooyin jidheed iyo farsamooyin aad u wanaagsan, waxaa lagu soo saari karaa midabyo kala duwan, waxaa lagu qasi karaa balaastiig kale ama qalab aan organic ahayn, waxay leeyihiin heerar aad u hooseeya ee kulaylka iyo korantada. aad bay ugu adkeysanayaan walxaha kiimikaad, waa la daadin karaa, dib loo isticmaali karaa iyo/ama dib loo warshadayn karo.

Wixii dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan aasaaska habka duritaanka qaabaynta caag ah wax soo saarka qaybta balaastikada, waxaad ku booqan kartaa Djmolding at https://www.djmolding.com/description-of-the-plastic-injection-molding-method-and-manufacturing-process-step-by-step/ waayo info dheeraad ah.