Kumangira jekeseni wa pulasitiki ndi njira yosunthika komanso yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imalola opanga kupanga zinthu zambiri ndi zigawo zake kuchokera ku utomoni wapulasitiki wosungunuka. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wakuumba ndi chitukuko cha zinthu, ma polima ndi mapulasitiki aphatikizidwa muzogulitsa ndi ntchito zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. Pokhala ndi mphamvu zopepuka, kukongola kokongola, komanso kulimba, mapulasitiki akukhala chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale kuyambira pazinthu zogula mpaka pazida zamankhwala.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma resin apulasitiki omwe amapezeka pamsika, iliyonse yomwe imawonetsa mawonekedwe apadera omwe amachititsa kuti ikhale yothandiza pazinthu zina. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukugwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kusankha utomoni woyenera pazosowa zanu. Pazopanga pulasitiki, utomoni umakhala ndi pulasitiki kapena ma polima mumadzi amadzimadzi kapena olimba kwambiri omwe amatha kutenthedwa, kusungunuka, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo zapulasitiki. Popanga jakisoni, mawu akuti resin amatanthauza zida zosungunuka za thermoplastic kapena thermoset zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jakisoni.

Zoganizira Posankha Resin
Ma polima atsopano ndi mankhwala akubweretsedwa pamsika pafupipafupi. Kuchuluka kwa zosankha kungapangitse kusankha zida zomangira jekeseni kukhala zovuta. Kusankha utomoni woyenera wa pulasitiki kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino kwa mankhwala omaliza. Mafunso otsatirawa angakuthandizeni kudziwa zida zabwino kwambiri za utomoni pazosowa zanu.

1. Kodi cholinga cha mbali yomaliza ndi chiyani?
Mukasankha zinthu zoyenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kufotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira za gawolo, kuphatikiza zomwe zingakukhumudwitseni, chilengedwe, kuwonekera kwamankhwala, komanso moyo wantchito wa chinthucho.
*Kodi gawolo liyenera kukhala lolimba bwanji?
*Kodi gawolo liyenera kukhala losinthika kapena lokhazikika?
*Kodi gawolo likufunika kupirira kupanikizika kapena kulemera kwachilendo?
*Kodi ziwalozo zitha kukhala ndi mankhwala aliwonse kapena zinthu zina?
*Kodi mbalizo zidzakumana ndi kutentha koopsa kapena koopsa kwa chilengedwe?
*Kodi mbaliyo imakhala ndi moyo wotani?

2. Kodi pali zokongoletsa zapadera?
Kusankha chinthu choyenera kumaphatikizapo kupeza zinthu zomwe zingawonetse mtundu, kuwonekera, mawonekedwe, ndi mankhwala omwe mukufuna. Posankha utomoni wanu, ganizirani ngati ungakwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna komanso ntchito zomwe mukufuna.
*Kodi pakufunika kuwonekera kapena mtundu winawake?
*Kodi mawonekedwe enaake kapena kumaliza kumafunikira?
*Kodi pali mtundu womwe ulipo womwe uyenera kufananizidwa?
*Kodi kujambula kumayenera kuganiziridwa?

3. Kodi pali zofunikira zilizonse zamalamulo?
Chofunikira pakusankhidwa kwa utomoni ndikuphatikiza zofunikira pakuwongolera gawo lanu ndi ntchito yomwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo lanu lidzatumizidwa kumayiko ena, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chakudya, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamankhwala, kapena kuphatikizidwa m'mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri aukadaulo, ndikofunikira kuti zomwe mwasankha zikwaniritse zofunikira zamakampani ndi zowongolera.
*Ndizofunikira zotani zomwe gawo lanu liyenera kukwaniritsa, kuphatikiza FDA, RoHS, NSF, kapena REACH?
*Kodi mankhwalawa akuyenera kukhala otetezeka kuti ana azigwiritsa ntchito?
*Kodi gawolo liyenera kukhala lopanda chakudya?

Pulasitiki Yoyambira - Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic
Pulasitiki imagwera m'magulu awiri: mapulasitiki a thermoset ndi thermoplastics. Kuti zikuthandizeni kukumbukira kusiyanako, ganizirani za thermosets monga momwe mawuwo amasonyezera; iwo "anakhazikitsidwa" pa processing. Mapulasitikiwa akatenthedwa, amapanga mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti gawolo likhale lokhazikika. Mankhwalawa sangatembenuke, kotero magawo opangidwa ndi ma thermosets sangathe kusungunukanso kapena kusinthidwanso. Zida izi zitha kukhala zovuta zobwezeretsanso pokhapokha polima pogwiritsa ntchito bio-based atagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Thermoplastics imatenthedwa, kenako itakhazikika mu nkhungu kuti ipange gawo. Mapangidwe a maselo a thermoplastic sasintha akatenthedwa ndi kuzizira, kotero kuti akhoza kusungunukanso mosavuta. Pachifukwa ichi, thermoplastics ndi yosavuta kugwiritsanso ntchito ndikubwezeretsanso. Amakhala ndi ma resin ambiri opangidwa ndi polima pamsika masiku ano ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jakisoni.

Kukonza Bwino Kusankhidwa kwa Resin
Thermoplastics amagawidwa m'mabanja ndi mtundu. Amagwera m'magulu atatu otakata kapena mabanja: ma resins azinthu, ma resin a engineering, ndi ma resin apadera kapena ochita bwino kwambiri. Ma resin ochita bwino kwambiri amabweranso ndi mtengo wokwera, chifukwa chake utomoni wazinthu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Zosavuta kukonza komanso zotsika mtengo, ma resin azinthu nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzinthu zomwe zimapangidwa mochuluka monga kulongedza. Ma resin a uinjiniya ndi okwera mtengo koma amapereka mphamvu zabwinoko komanso kukana mankhwala komanso kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe.

M'banja lililonse la utomoni, ma resin ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Morphology imalongosola dongosolo la mamolekyu mu utomoni, womwe ukhoza kugwera m'magulu awiri, amorphous ndi semi-crystalline.

Amorphous resins ali ndi izi:
*Chepetsani pang'ono mukazizira
* Kuwonekera bwino
* Gwirani ntchito bwino pamapulogalamu olekerera
* Khalani omasuka
*Kuchepa kwa mankhwala

Semi-crystalline resins ali ndi izi:
* Amakonda kukhala opaque
*Abrasion yabwino kwambiri komanso kukana mankhwala
* Zosavuta kwambiri
* Kuchepa kwakukulu kwamitengo

Zitsanzo za Mitundu Yopezeka ya Resin
Kupeza utomoni woyenera kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino momwe thupi limakhalira komanso mikhalidwe yopindulitsa ya zida zomwe zilipo. Kuti tikuthandizeni kupeza gulu losankhira pulasitiki loyenera pazosowa zanu, tapanga chitsogozo chosankha chopangira jakisoni.

Amorphous
Chitsanzo cha amorphous, commodity resin ndi polystyrene kapena PS. Mofanana ndi utomoni wambiri wa amorphous, ndi wowonekera komanso wosasunthika, koma ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri
utomoni wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo ukhoza kupezeka muzodula zapulasitiki, makapu a thovu, ndi mbale.

Pamwamba pamlingo wa amorphous ndi utomoni waukadaulo monga polycarbonate kapena PC. Ndi kutentha ndi kutentha kwa moto ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zotetezera magetsi, choncho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi.

Chitsanzo cha utomoni wapadera kapena wapamwamba kwambiri wa amorphous ndi polyetherimide kapena (PEI). Monga ma resin ambiri amorphous, amapereka mphamvu komanso kukana kutentha. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zida zina zambiri za amorphous, imakhalanso yolimbana ndi mankhwala, motero imapezeka nthawi zambiri muzamlengalenga.

Semicrystalline
Utoto wamtengo wapatali wa semi-crystalline ndi polypropylene kapena PP. Mofanana ndi ma polima ambiri a semi-crystalline, ndi osinthika komanso osagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Kutsika mtengo kumapangitsa kuti utomoniwu ukhale wosankha pazinthu zambiri monga mabotolo, zoyikapo, ndi mapaipi.

Umisiri wotchuka, utomoni wa semi-crystalline ndi polyamide (PA kapena nayiloni). PA imapereka kukana kwa mankhwala ndi abrasion komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kupindika. Pali mitundu yochokera pazachilengedwe yomwe imapangitsa kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yabwino padziko lapansi. Kulimba kwa zinthu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yopepuka yopepuka kusiyana ndi zitsulo pamagalimoto opangira magalimoto.

PEEK kapena polyetheretherketone ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa semi-crystalline high-performance resins. Utoto uwu umapereka mphamvu komanso kukana kutentha ndi mankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kuphatikiza ma fani, mapampu, ndi zoyika zachipatala.

Amorphous Resins
ABS: ABS imaphatikiza mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa ma polima a acrylonitrile ndi styrene ndi kulimba kwa rabala ya polybutadiene. ABS imapangidwa mosavuta ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, onyezimira okhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Polima wapulasitiki uyu alibe malo enieni osungunuka.

HIPS: High-Impact polysyrene (HIPS) imapereka kukana kwabwino, kusinthika kwabwino, kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, kukongola kwapadera, komanso mawonekedwe osinthika kwambiri. HIPS imatha kusindikizidwa, kumata, kumangirizidwa, ndi kukongoletsa mosavuta. Ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Polyetherimide (PEI): PEI ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha utomoni wa amorphous wapadera kapena wapamwamba kwambiri. PEI imapereka mphamvu komanso kukana kutentha ngati ma resin ambiri amorphous. Mosiyana ndi zida zina zambiri za amorphous, zimakhalanso zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri pamakampani azamlengalenga.

Polycarbonate (PC): Pamwamba pamlingo wa amorphous pali utomoni waunjiniya monga polycarbonate. PC imalimbana ndi kutentha komanso kutentha kwamoto ndipo imakhala ndi zotchingira zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazinthu zamagetsi.

Polystyrene (PS): Chitsanzo cha amorphous, commodity resin ndi polystyrene. Monga utomoni wambiri wa amorphous, PS ndi yowonekera komanso yosasunthika, koma ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Ndi imodzi mwa ma resin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imapezeka muzodula zapulasitiki, makapu a thovu, ndi mbale.

Mitundu ya Semicrystalline Resins
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK):
PEEK ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa semi-crystalline high-performance resins. Utotowu umapereka mphamvu, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana kwamankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta, kuphatikiza ma fani, mapampu, ndi zoyika zachipatala.

Polyamide (PA)/Nayiloni:
Polyamide, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa nayiloni, ndi utomoni wotchuka wa semi-crystalline engineering. PA imapereka kukana kwa mankhwala ndi abrasion, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kupindika. Pali mitundu yochokera ku bio yomwe ikupezeka pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira yankho lothandiza pachilengedwe. Kulimba kwazinthu kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yopepuka m'malo mwazitsulo pamagalimoto ambiri.

Polypropylene (PP):
PP ndi utomoni wotsika mtengo wa semi-crystalline commodity resin. Mofanana ndi ma polima ambiri a semi-crystalline, ndi osinthika komanso osagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Kutsika mtengo kumapangitsa kuti utomoni uwu ukhale chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa pamagwiritsidwe ambiri monga mabotolo, zoyikapo, ndi mapaipi.

Celcon®:
Celon® ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la acetal, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti polyoxymethylene (POM), polyacetal, kapena polyformaldehyde. Thermoplastic iyi imapereka kulimba kwapadera, kuvala bwino kwambiri, kukana kuyandama komanso kukana kusungunulira kwamankhwala, kupanga utoto kosavuta, kupotoza kwabwino kwa kutentha, komanso kuyamwa kochepa kwa chinyezi. Celcon® imaperekanso kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri.

LDPE:
Mtundu wosinthika kwambiri wa polyethylene, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) umapereka kukana kwa chinyezi chapamwamba, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana mankhwala abwino, komanso kusinthasintha. Njira yotsika mtengo, LDPE ndiyopanda nyengo ndipo imatha kukonzedwa mosavuta ndi njira zambiri.

Kupeza Resin Yoyenera
Kupanga chisankho chanu cha pulasitiki kungakhale ntchito yovuta, koma njira yosankha ikhoza kugawidwa m'njira zingapo zosavuta. Yambani posankha banja la zida zomwe zingakupatseni zambiri zomwe mukufuna. Mukatsimikiza, sankhani mtundu woyenera wa utomoni wazinthu. Ma database a pa intaneti atha kuthandizira popereka benchmark yogwirira ntchito. UL Prospector (omwe kale anali IDES) ndi amodzi mwama database odziwika bwino pakusankha zinthu. MAT Web ilinso ndi nkhokwe zambiri, ndipo British Plastics Federation imapereka chidziwitso chapamwamba komanso mafotokozedwe.

Zowonjezera Pulasitiki Kuti Mukhale Ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
Ma resins osiyanasiyana ali ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amadziwika. Monga tawonera, mabanja atatu a utomoni (zamalonda, uinjiniya, ndi magwiridwe antchito / apadera) ali ndi njira zina za amorphous ndi semi-crystalline. Kukwera kwa ntchito, komabe, kumakwera mtengo. Pofuna kuti mtengo ukhale wotsika, opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera kapena zodzaza kuti apereke zina zowonjezera kuzinthu zotsika mtengo pamtengo wotsika.

Zowonjezera izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito kapena kuwonetsa zina kuzinthu zomaliza. Pansipa pali zina mwazowonjezera zowonjezera:

* Antimicrobial - Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhudzana ndi chakudya kapena zinthu zomwe zimagulidwa kwambiri.
*Anti-statics - Zowonjezera zomwe zimachepetsa mayendedwe amagetsi osasunthika, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi ovuta.
*Plasticizers ndi ulusi - Pulasitiki amapanga utomoni wonyezimira, pomwe ulusi umawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma.
*Zoletsa moto - Zowonjezera izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisapse ndi kuyaka.
* Zowunikira zowoneka bwino - Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonekere zoyera.
* Makatani - Zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezera mtundu kapena zotsatira zapadera, monga fluorescence kapena ngale.

Kusankha Komaliza
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera pulojekiti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga zida zapulasitiki zabwino kwambiri. Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya polima kwathandizira kupanga ma resin ambiri omwe angasankhe. Ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi choumba chojambulira chomwe chimakhala ndi utomoni wosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito, kuphatikiza utomoni womwe umagwirizana ndi FDA, RoHS, REACH, ndi NSF.

DJmolding, yadzipereka kupatsa makasitomala athu zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira jakisoni wapulasitiki pamsika. Timamvetsetsa zovuta zapadera zomwe opanga ndi opanga malonda amakumana nazo m'makampani aliwonse. Sikuti ndife opanga - ndife oyambitsa. Timapanga cholinga chathu kuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mayankho abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.