Zothetsera Zowonongeka Zomwe Zimapangidwira Pakuumba kwa Jakisoni
Zowonongeka ndizofala mukamagwiritsa ntchito nkhungu pokonza magawo opangira jakisoni wa pulasitiki, ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito. Zotsatirazi ndizowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwira komanso njira zothetsera mbali za nkhungu zamapulasitiki.
Zithunzi zazifupi
Kuwombera kwachidule kumatanthawuza kuzinthu zopangidwa ndi zosakwanira chifukwa zojambulajambula sizimadzazidwa.
Chilemachi nthawi zambiri chimawonekera pamalo akutali kwambiri ndi chipata kapena mbali zomwe zimangofikiridwa kudzera m'madera opapatiza pa nkhungu chifukwa madera opapatiza angakhudze kutuluka kwa kusungunuka.
Kuwombera kwakung'ono kungayambitse ma micro flow marks kapena kupangitsa kuti gawo lalikulu lazinthu lisawonekere.
Chifukwa:
Zifukwa za ma shoti amfupi ndi awa:
The zopangira jekeseni mu nkhungu sikokwanira.
Kukaniza kwa kusungunuka ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu isadzazidwe kwathunthu.
Kutuluka kwa nkhungu kumakhala kosauka ndipo kumayambitsa m'badwo wa cavitation womwe umalepheretsa kusungunuka, kupangitsa kuti kusungunulako kusakhale koyenda kumadera ena a nkhungu.
Bururu
Ma Burrs amapangidwa kuchokera kumamatira azinthu zochulukirapo zomwe zimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku chinthucho.
Chilema ichi adzakhala m'mphepete pa mankhwala kapena mbali iliyonse wapangidwa nkhungu. Zopangira zimatha kusefukira kuchokera ku nkhungu, kapena malo omangirira osuntha ndi kukonza nkhungu.
Burrs imapezekanso pachimake cha nkhungu, chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa hydraulic kapena pini ya angular.
Kuopsa kwa ma burrs kumasiyanasiyana, nthawi zina kuonda, nthawi zina kukulirakulira.
Chifukwa:
Zifukwa za burrs ndizo:
Clamping mold pamwamba ndi kuwonongeka kapena kuvala kwambiri.
Chikombole chosuntha ndi nkhungu yokonza zimachotsedwa pamene zatsekedwa.
Kuthamanga kwa zinthu zopangira nkhungu ndikwambiri kuposa mphamvu yothira nkhungu.
Mkhalidwe wachitatu womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa ukhoza kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mu zinthu zotsatirazi, kuthamanga kwa zipangizo ndi apamwamba kuposa nkhungu clamping mphamvu.
Pa gawo loyamba la jekeseni nkhungu (gawo lodzaza nkhungu), zopangira zambiri zimadzazidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera kupanikizika mkati mwa nkhungu.
Panthawi yodzaza nkhungu, kukana kwakukulu kwa kusungunula kumakweza kupanikizika mkati mwa nkhungu, nayenso.
Kuthamanga kwa nkhungu kumakwera kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Nkhungu clamping mphamvu sikokwanira.
Kutsitsidwa
Kuwonongeka kungayambitse zotsatira zambiri. Kukula ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli kumasiyananso. Pazovuta kwambiri, zitha kuyambitsa kusinthika kwathunthu kwa chinthucho komanso kuwonongeka kwamakina. Kuwonongeka kwa malo kumangoyambitsa mikwingwirima yakuda kapena mawanga.
Chifukwa:
Kuwonongeka kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Mamolekyu aatali omwe amapanga mapulasitiki amatha kuwola chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kapena kumeta ubweya wambiri. Pakuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu, mpweya wosasunthika udzafulumizitsa njira yowonongeka, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti zinthuzo ziwonongeke. Kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu ambiri pamapeto pake kumaphwanya zomwe zili muzopangira ndikuyambitsa chikoka pamakina.
Kuwonongeka kwa malo kungabwere chifukwa cha kutentha kosafanana kwa mbiya yakuthupi.
Kuwonongeka kungachitike muzochitika zotsatirazi:
Zopangirazo zikutenthedwa kwambiri mu mbiya yakuthupi kapena makina othamanga otentha.
Zopangira zimakhala mu mbiya kwa nthawi yayitali.
Panthawi yopangira jekeseni, kumeta ubweya wa ubweya wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Ngati ma nozzles atsekedwa, kapena zitseko ndi othamanga ndi opapatiza kwambiri, zidzawonjezera kumeta ubweya.
Kusintha
Muzochitika zodziwika bwino, mawonekedwe azinthu ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi a nkhungu. The deformation amatanthauza kupunduka kwa zinthu.
Mkhalidwewo ukakhala woipitsitsa, zinthuzo zidzakhala zopunduka kotheratu zikatulutsidwa mu nkhungu. Pamene chikhalidwe si lalikulu, mankhwala mawonekedwe adzaoneka zolakwa zazing'ono.
Utali wautali koma wopanda m'mphepete mwa chithandizo kapena ndege zazikulu ndi madera omwe amatha kupindika kwambiri.
Chifukwa:
Zifukwa za deformation:
Kutentha kumakwera kwambiri nkhungu ikatulutsidwa.
Monga nthawi yozizira imakhala yosiyana m'madera akuluakulu ndi ochepa kwambiri, kapena kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa nkhungu posuntha nkhungu ndi kukonza nkhungu, kuchepa mkati mwazinthuzo kumakhala kosiyana.
Kuthamanga kwa nkhungu sikosalala pamene kudzaza (komwe kumadziwika kuti "Kuzizira kozizira") kapena kupanikizika mkati mwa nkhungu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pakugwira ntchito.
Zosafunika
Zonyansazo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati mawanga amitundu yosiyanasiyana, zigamba kapena mikwingwirima. Chofala kwambiri ndi malo akuda.
Zodetsedwa zitha kukhala mawanga ang'onoang'ono, koma zitha kukhalanso mikwingwirima yowonekera kapena mbali yayikulu yochotsa utoto ikakhala yayikulu.
Chifukwa:
Zonyansa zimayambitsidwa ndi ma sundries osakanizidwa ndi zopangira, monga:
Zopangira zosakanizidwa ndi sundries pamene zimatumizidwa mu migolo.
Kuwola kwa zinthu zopangira kumatha kukhala kugwa kuchokera kunjira iliyonse yodulira ndikusakanikirana ndi zinthu zopangira, monga ma bolt amakina, khoma lamkati la ng'oma yowumitsa, mfundo / ma nozzles.
Manyazi
Lamination idzapanga "chikopa cha khungu" pamwamba pa mankhwala, chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa katundu ndi maonekedwe a pamwamba pa zinthu ndi zipangizo zina, ndipo zimapanga khungu lopukuta lomwe lingachotsedwe.
Pamene kuunika kuli koopsa, gawo lonse la mtanda limapangidwa ndi zigawo zosiyana, ndipo silinasungunuke pamodzi. Zowonongeka zikawoneka bwino, mawonekedwe azinthu amatha kukumana ndi zofunikira, koma amaphwanya mawonekedwe azinthu.
Chifukwa:
Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu za lamination. Yoyamba ndi yakuti pamene mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya zipangizo zosakanizidwa molakwika. Zida ziwirizo zidzatengedwera mu mbiya nthawi yomweyo pansi pa kukakamizidwa. Komabe, nkhungu ikalephera kusungunuka pamodzi itazizidwa, monga momwe zigawo zosiyanasiyana zimakanizidwira pamodzi kuti zipange zinthu.
Chachiwiri: ngati kusungunuka kozizira kumakakamizika kudutsa pachipata chopapatiza, kupsinjika kwa kukameta ubweya kumapangidwa. Kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa kukameta ubweya kumapangitsa kuti sungunuka wosungunuka usungunuke pasadakhale sungathe kusakanikirana.
Ngozi yosakanikirana:
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chiyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi chakuti zinthu zina zosakaniza zomwe zimasakanizidwa zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala amphamvu, monga PVC ndi Avetal sayenera kusakanikirana.
Silver linear
Sliver linear ikhoza kungokhala zochitika zakomweko, koma imatha kukulitsidwa mpaka pomwe ili yayikulu.
Silver linear imakhudza mawonekedwe azinthu komanso imawononga makina azinthu.
Chifukwa:
Mfundo ziwiri zotsatirazi zimayambitsa mzere wa silver:
Zopangira ndizonyowa ndipo zina zimayamwa nthunzi mumlengalenga. Ngati zopangirazo zili zonyowa kwambiri, mpweya woponderezedwa ukhoza kupangidwa pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa mbiya. Nthunzi imeneyi imadutsa pamwamba pa chinthucho ndikupanga mikwingwirima yasiliva.
Chisungunukocho chinawonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha ndipo chimapangitsa kuti malowo awonongeke. Mpweya wosasunthika wopangidwa udzatsekedwa pamwamba pa nkhungu ndikupanga mikwingwirima pamwamba pa zinthu.
Izi sizoyipa monga kunyonyotsoka. Malingana ngati kutentha kwa sungunula kuli kwakukulu kapena kumakhudzidwa ndi kumeta ubweya wa ubweya panthawi ya pulasitiki kapena jekeseni mu nkhungu, izi zikhoza kuchitika.
Kuwala/mthunzi
Mapeto a zinthuzo ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi nkhungu. Pamene mapeto a pamwamba awiri ali osiyana, gloss / mthunzi zolakwika zinachitika.
Pamwamba pake padzakhala mdima pamene zowonongeka zichitika, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala bwino komanso monyezimira.
Chifukwa:
Zifukwa za gloss / mthunzi ndi:
Kusungunula kumayenda mosasalala kapena kutentha kwa nkhungu kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu pamwamba pake isabwerezedwe popanga zinthu.
Panthawi yokakamiza, kupanikizika muzitsulo sikuli kokwanira kuti zinthuzo zigwirizane ndi nkhungu pozizira, ndikusiya zizindikiro za kuchepa.
Zizindikiro zakuyenda
Zizindikiro zoyenda zimatha kupezeka pamtunda wazinthu m'njira zingapo. Kawirikawiri, idzapanga malo amthunzi.
Zolemba zoyenda sizimapanga zojambula kapena kukhumudwa pa zinthu zomwe sizingamveke ndi zala. Chilemachi chimatchedwanso kukoka ma marks, ghosting, ndi mithunzi.
Zizindikiro zotuluka zikaonekera, zimapanga grooves, ndikusiya zolakwika ngati zikwangwani pamwamba pa zinthu.
Chifukwa:
Zizindikiro zoyenda zimatha kupezeka pamene:
Kuthamanga kwa kusungunuka kumakhala kosauka kapena kutentha kwa nkhungu kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yolimba kwambiri podzaza nkhungu.
Podzaza nkhungu, kusungunula kumayenda ndi kukana, komwe kumatha chifukwa cha kusalingana kwa kufa, zizindikiro kapena mawonekedwe osindikizidwa pamtunda wakufa, kapena kusintha kwa njira yosungunuka yosungunuka panthawi yodzaza.
Mzere wolumikizana
Mzere wolumikizana umapangidwa pamene mbali ziwiri zosungunula zikukumana panthawi yodzaza nkhungu, ndipo zidzawonekera pamwamba pa mankhwala ngati mzere.
Mzere wolumikizana uli ngati mzere wosweka pamwamba pa zinthu, zomwe sizodziwikiratu kuti zizindikire.
Popanga zisankho, mizere ina yowoneka yolumikizana siyingalephereke. Pankhaniyi, amafupikitsa mzere wolumikizana momwe angathere kuti ateteze mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe azinthu kuwonongeka.
Chifukwa:
Pali zifukwa zambiri zopangira kusungunula kutsogolo. Chifukwa chotheka kwambiri chingakhale kusungunuka kwamadzi m'mphepete mwa nkhungu. Ziwirizi zikasungunuka, zimapanga mizere yolumikizana. Kutentha kwa ma melts awiri kutsogolo kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuti azitha kulumikizana bwino, osakhudza mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe azinthu.
Pamene ziwirizi zimasungunuka sizingagwirizane pamodzi, zolakwikazo zidzapangidwa.
Zifukwa za zolakwika:
Nkhungu imakhala ndi mbali zowonda komanso zowonda kwambiri, ndipo kuthamanga kwa kusungunula kumakhala kosiyana, pamene kusungunuka kumayenda mu gawo lochepa la nkhungu, kutentha kumakhala kochepa.
Utali wa wothamanga aliyense ndi wosiyana. Othamanga osungulumwa adzakhala osavuta kuziziritsa.
Kuthamanga kwa nkhungu sikokwanira kuti kusungunuka kusungunuke kwathunthu panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Ma thovu otsalawo amapangitsa kuti kutsogolo kusungunuke kusasunthike, zomwe zingayambitsenso kuyaka.
Kutentha
Kuwotcha kumakhala kofanana ndi kuwombera kwachidule, koma ndi m'mphepete mwachisawawa komanso fungo loyaka pang'ono. Madera akuda a carbon adzawonekera pa mankhwala, pamene chikhalidwecho chiri chovuta, pamodzi ndi fungo la pulasitiki.
Ngati zolakwikazo sizimachotsedwa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawonekedwe akuda pa nkhungu. Ngati gasi kapena mafuta omwe amapangidwa powotcha sayang'aniridwa nthawi yomweyo, amatha kutsekereza mabowo a mpweya. Kuwotcha nthawi zambiri kumapezeka kumapeto kwa njira.
Chifukwa:
Kuwotcha kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyaka kwamkati. Pamene kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka kwambiri mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kutentha kumakwera ndikuyambitsa kuyaka. Malinga ndi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, kuyaka kwamkati mkati mwa njira yopangira jekeseni kumatha kutulutsa kutentha kwambiri mpaka madigiri 600.
Kuwotcha kungapangidwe pamene:
Kuthamanga kwa nkhungu kumathamanga kwambiri kotero kuti mpweya sungathe kuchotsedwa ku nkhungu, ndikupanga thovu la mpweya chifukwa cha chipika cha pulasitiki yomwe ikubwera, ndikuyambitsa kuyaka kwamkati pambuyo poponderezedwa.
Mabowo a mpweya atsekedwa kapena mpweya wabwino suli wosalala.
Mpweya wa nkhungu uyenera kuchotsedwa pamabowo a mpweya. Ngati mpweya umakhudzidwa ndi malo, chiwerengero, kukula kapena ntchito, mpweya udzakhala mu nkhungu ndikuyambitsa kuyaka. Chachikulu nkhungu clamping mphamvu kuchititsanso osauka mpweya wabwino.
Shrinkage
Shrinkage imatanthawuza mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa zinthu.
Pamene zolakwikazo ndi zazing'ono, pamwamba pa mankhwala ndi wosagwirizana. Zikakhala zovuta, gawo lalikulu lazinthu lidzagwa. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi ma arches, zogwirira ndi ma protrusions nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vuto la shrinkage.
Chifukwa:
Kutsika kumachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwazinthu zazikulu panthawi yozizirira.
Pamalo okhuthala azinthu (monga arch), kutentha kwapakati kwazinthu kumakhala kochepa, kotero kuti kutsika kudzachitika mochedwa kuposa pamwamba, komwe kumatulutsa mphamvu yolumikizira mkati mwazopangira, ndikukokera mbali yakunja kupsinjika kwamkati. kupanga kuchepa.
Kutsika kumachitika muzochitika zotsatirazi:
Kupsyinjika kwa nkhungu kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi mphamvu yomwe imachokera ku kuchepa kwa zinthu zopangira pozizira.
Osakwanira pressurization nthawi nkhungu patsekeke pa ndondomeko kuzirala, chifukwa mu zopangira kutuluka patsekeke pachipata.
Zopangira sizikhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira yoboola panthawi yowumba ndi kukakamiza siteji popeza phula limachotsedwa kwathunthu zisanabadwe kwambiri zopangira.
Magawo amtanda a zipata ndi othamanga ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa makulidwe azinthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipata zakhala zitazizira kale zisanachitike njira yopangira zinthu.
Mabala
The vacuum thovu kuperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a thovu mpweya, amene angapezeke mosavuta pa zinthu mandala. Itha kuwonekanso pamtanda wazinthu zosawoneka bwino.
Chifukwa:
Ma thovu a mpweya ndi gawo la vacuum la zinthu, zomwe zimapangidwa pamene zopangira zimachepa panthawi yozizira.
Mofanana ndi shrinkage, mkati mwa zopangira zimatulutsa mphamvu ya contractile. Chosiyana ndi chakuti mawonekedwe akunja azinthu adakhazikika pamene ming'oma imapangidwa, ndipo palibe kugwa, kotero kuti ming'oma yopanda kanthu imapangidwa.
Zifukwa za thovu ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachepetsa, kuphatikiza:
Kuthamanga kwa nkhungu kosakwanira
Kusakwanira pamitsempha pressurization nthawi
Kukula kwa wothamanga ndi chipata ndizochepa kwambiri
Kupopera zizindikiro
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatanthawuza malo okhala ndi ulusi moyang'anizana ndi chipata. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikumangokhudza maonekedwe a mankhwala, komanso kumakhudza mphamvu ya mankhwala.
Chifukwa:
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwamadzi komwe sikungatheke pakudzaza nkhungu.
Pulasitiki wosungunuka amalowa mu nkhungu mopanikizika kwambiri. Ngati liwiro lodzaza nkhungu ndilokwera kwambiri, pulasitiki imatuluka pamalo otseguka a nkhungu, ndikubwerera ndikuzizira. Panthawiyo, ulusi umapangidwa, womwe umatsekereza pulasitiki yosungunuka kulowa m'zipata.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi malo olakwika a zipata kapena mapangidwe a zipata. Zinthu ziwiri zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa vutolo:
Liwiro lodzaza nkhungu
Kusasungunuka kwachangu pakudzaza nkhungu
