Plastic jekiseni molding inzira inosiyana-siyana uye inoshanda iyo inobvumira vagadziri kugadzira huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvigadzirwa uye zvikamu kubva kune yakanyungudutswa epurasitiki resin. Nekuda kwekufambira mberi mukugadzira matekinoroji uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, mapolymers nemapurasitiki zvakabatanidzwa mukuwedzera kuwanda kwezvigadzirwa uye mashandisirwo. Inoratidzira simba rakareruka, kukwezva, uye kusimba, mapurasitiki ari kuita zvinhu zvinofarirwa kumaindasitiri kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvevatengi kuenda kune zvekurapa.

Kune akasiyana siyana epurasitiki resin anowanikwa pamusika, imwe neimwe inoratidzira yakasarudzika maitiro anoita kuti ive yakakosha kune mamwe maapplication. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuita kwakaringana, zvakakosha kuti usarudze resin chaiyo kune zvaunoda. Nezvinangwa zvekugadzira mapurasitiki, resin ine epurasitiki kana mapolymer mune yemvura kana semi-yakasimba mamiriro anogona kupisa, kunyungudutswa, uye kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Mukuumba jekiseni, izwi rekuti resin rinoreva zvakanyungudutswa thermoplastic kana thermoset zvinhu zvinoshandiswa panguva yekuumba jekiseni.

Mafungiro ekusarudza Resin
Mapolymer matsva nemakomponi ari kuunzwa kumusika nguva nenguva. Huwandu hwakawanda hwesarudzo hunogona kuita sarudzo yekuumba jekiseni kuve dambudziko. Kusarudza resin yepurasitiki yakakodzera kunoda kunyatsonzwisisa kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Iyi mibvunzo inotevera inogona kukubatsira kuona zvakanakisa resin zvinhu zvaunoda.

1. Chinangwa chechikamu chokupedzisira ndechei?
Paunenge uchisarudza chinhu chakakodzera chekushandisa kwako, iwe unofanirwa kujekesa zvakajeka izvo zvinodikanwa zvemuviri zvechikamu, zvinosanganisira zvinogona kunetsa, mamiriro ekunze, kuratidzwa kwemakemikari, uye inotarisirwa hupenyu hwesevhisi yechigadzirwa.
*Chikamu chinoda kusimba zvakadii?
* Chikamu chinoda kuchinjika kana kuomarara here?
*Ko chikamu chinoda kumirisana nemazinga asina kujairika ekumanikidza kana huremu?
*Mativi acho achaiswa pachena kune chero makemikari kana zvimwe zvinhu?
* Zvikamu zvichave zvakafumurwa kune tembiricha yakanyanya kana yakaoma mamiriro ekunze?
*Chikamu chacho chinotarisira hupenyu hupi?

2. Pane zvakakosha zvekunaka here?
Kusarudza chigadzirwa chakakodzera kunosanganisira kutsvaga chinhu chinogona kuratidza ruvara, pachena, magadzirirwo, uye kurapwa kwepamusoro kwaunoda. Paunenge uchisarudza resin yako, funga kuti ichasangana nechitarisiko chako chechigadzirwa uye basa rinodiwa.
*Panodiwa kujeka here kana kuti ruvara?
*Pane mamwe magadzirirwo kana kupera kunodiwa here?
*Pane color iripo inoda kufananidzwa here?
*Embossing inofanirwa kutariswa here?

3. Pane zvinodiwa zvemitemo zvinoshanda here?
Chinhu chakakosha chekusarudzwa kweresin kunosanganisira kudzora zvinodiwa zvechikamu chako uye mashandisirwo ayo. Semuyenzaniso, kana chikamu chako chichizotumirwa kune dzimwe nyika, chinoshandiswa mukugadzira chikafu, chikaiswa kumichina yekurapa, kana kubatanidzwa mune zvemhando yepamusoro-injiniya zvikumbiro, zvakakosha kuti zvinhu zvaunosarudza zvisangane nezvinodiwa zveindasitiri zviyero uye zvinotarisirwa.
*Ndezvipi zvinodikanwa zvemitemo izvo chikamu chako chinofanira kusangana nacho, kusanganisira FDA, RoHS, NSF, kana REACH?
*Chigadzirwa chacho chinoda kuve chakachengeteka kuti chishandiswe nevana here?
*Ko chikamu chinoda kuve chikafu-chakachengeteka here?

A Plastic Primer - Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic
Plastiki inowira muzvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: thermoset plastiki uye thermoplastics. Kukubatsira kuyeuka musiyano, funga nezve thermosets sezvinoreva shoko racho; ivo "vakaiswa" panguva yekugadzirisa. Kana mapurasitiki aya achipisa, anogadzira kemikari inogadzirisa iyo inoisa chikamu muchimiro chechigarire. Iyo kemikari yekuita haidzokerike, saka zvikamu zvakagadzirwa ne thermosets hazvigone kunyungudutswa kana kuumbwa patsva. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuve dambudziko rekudzokorora kunze kwekunge bio-based polymer ikashandiswa.

Thermoplastics inopisa, yozotonhodzwa muforoma kuti iite chikamu. Iyo molecular makeup ye thermoplastic haichinji kana ichidziya uye nekutonhodzwa, kuitira kuti igone kunyungudika zvakare nyore. Nechikonzero ichi, thermoplastics iri nyore kushandisa zvakare uye kudzokorodza. Iwo anosanganisira mazhinji akagadzirwa epolymer resin pamusika nhasi uye anoshandiswa mukuita jekiseni rekuumba.

Kunyatsogadzirisa Sarudzo yeResin
Thermoplastics yakakamurwa nemhuri uye mhando. Iwo anowira mumapoka matatu akafara kana mhuri: commodity resins, engineering resin, uye hunyanzvi kana yakakwirira-kuita resins. Iwo epamusoro-anoita resin anouyawo nemutengo wakakwira, saka marezeni emidziyo anowanzo shandiswa kune akawanda mazuva ese maapplication. Zviri nyore kugadzirisa uye zvisingadhure, marezeni emidziyo anowanzo kuwanikwa mune zvakajairwa-zvakagadzirwa zvinhu zvakadai sekurongedza. Injiniya resin inodhura zvakanyanya asi inopa simba riri nani uye kuramba kumakemikari uye kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Mukati memhuri yega yega resin, mamwe maresini ane akasiyana morphology. Morphology inotsanangura kurongeka kwemamorekuru mune resin, iyo inogona kuwira mune chimwe chezvikamu zviviri, amorphous uye semi-crystalline.

Amorphous resins ane zvinotevera maitiro:
*Dita zvishoma kana watonhodzwa
*Zvirinani kujeka
* Shanda nemazvo kune yakasimba-kushivirira application
*Kuda kunge brittle
*Kudzikira kwemakemikari kuramba

Semi-crystalline resins ine zvinotevera maitiro:
*Ita kunge isina kujeka
* Yakanakisa abrasion uye makemikari kuramba
*Zvishoma brittle
* Yakakwira shrinkage mitengo

Mienzaniso yeAvailable Resin Types
Kuwana resin chaiyo kunoda kunyatsonzwisisa kwechimiro chemuviri uye hunhu hunobatsira hwezvinhu zviripo. Kuti ikubatsire mukutsvaga boka rekusarudza epurasitiki kune zvaunoda, isu takanyora rinotevera jekiseni rekuumba zvinhu zvekusarudza gwara.

Amorphous
Muenzaniso weamorphous, commodity resin ndeye polystyrene kana PS. Kufanana neamorphous resins yakawanda, iri pachena uye ine brittle, asi inogona kushandiswa mune yakakwirira-chaiyo maapplication. Ndiyo imwe yeakawanda kwazvo
akashandiswa resin uye anogona kuwanikwa mupurasitiki cutlery, furo makapu, uye ndiro.

Kumusoro pachiyero cheamorphous ndiwo maresheni einjiniya akadai sepolycarbonate kana PC. Iyo tembiricha uye inodzivirira murazvo uye ine magetsi insulating zvivakwa, saka inowanzoshandiswa mune zvemagetsi zvikamu.

Muenzaniso weiyo yakakosha kana yakakwirira-inoshanda amorphous resin ndeye polyetherimide kana (PEI). Kufanana neamorphous resins yakawanda, inopa simba uye kudzivirira kupisa. Nekudaro, kusiyana nezvimwe zvakawanda zveamorphous zvinhu zvakare inopokana nemakemikari, nekudaro inowanzowanikwa muindasitiri yezvemhepo.

Semi-crystalline
Iyo isingadhuri semi-crystalline commodity resin ndeye polypropylene kana PP. Sezvakawanda semi-crystalline polymers, inoshanduka uye inodzivirira kemikari. Mutengo wakaderera unoita kuti resin iyi ive sarudzo yezvakawanda zvekushandisa senge mabhodhoro, kurongedza, uye pombi.

Injiniya yakakurumbira, semi-crystalline resin ndeye polyamide (PA kana Nylon). PA inopa makemikari uye abrasion kuramba pamwe nekuderera shrinkage uye warp. Kune bio-based shanduro dziripo dzichiita kuti chinyorwa ichi ive yepasi-inoshamwaridzika imwe nzira. Kuomarara kwechinhu chacho kunoita kuti ive yakareruka-huremu kune imwe simbi mumashandisi emotokari.

PEEK kana polyetheretherketone ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa semi-crystalline yakakwirira-kuita resin. Resin iyi inopa simba pamwe nekupisa uye makemikari kuramba uye inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda kusanganisira mabheya, pombi, uye kudyara kwekurapa.

Amorphous Resins
ABS: ABS inosanganisa kusimba uye kusimba kweacrylonitrile uye styrene polymers nekuoma kwe polybutadiene rabha. ABS inoumbwa zviri nyore uye inopa colorfast, glossy mhedzisiro ine yepamusoro-yemhando yepamusoro kupedzisa. Iyi polymer yepurasitiki haina chaiyo yekunyungudika.

HIPS: Yakakwira-Impact polysyrene (HIPS) inopa yakanaka kukanganisa kuramba, yakanakisa machinability, yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana, yakasarudzika hunhu hwekunaka, uye yakanyanya customizable nzvimbo. HIPS inogona kudhindwa, kunama, kusungirirwa, nekushongedzwa zviri nyore. Izvo zvakare zvakanyanya mari-inoshanda.

Polyetherimide (PEI): PEI muenzaniso wakanaka wehunyanzvi kana yakakwirira-inoshanda amorphous resin. PEI inopa simba uye kudzivirira kupisa senge amorphous resins. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvakawanda zveamorphous zvinhu, zvisinei, zvakare inopokana nemakemikari, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha kuindasitiri yezvemhepo.

Polycarbonate (PC): Kumusoro pachiyero cheamorphous ndiwo maresheni einjiniya akadai sepolycarbonate. PC inodzivirira tembiricha- uye inodzivirira murazvo uye ine magetsi ekudzivirira emagetsi, anowanzo shandiswa muzvikamu zvemagetsi.

Polystyrene (PS): Muenzaniso weamorphous, commodity resin ndeye polystyrene. Kufanana neamorphous resins yakawanda, PS iri pachena uye ine brittle, asi inogona kushandiswa mune yakakwirira-chaiyo maapplication. Ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa resin uye inogona kuwanikwa mupurasitiki cutlery, furo makapu, uye ndiro.

Semicrystalline Resins
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK):
PEEK ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa semi-crystalline yakakwirira-performance resin. Resin iyi inopa simba, kudzivirira kupisa, uye makemikari kuramba uye inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinoda, kusanganisira mabhero, pombi, uye kudyara kwekurapa.

Polyamide (PA)/Naironi:
Polyamide, inonyanya kunzi nylon, inozivikanwa semi-crystalline engineering resin. PA inopa makemikari uye abrasion kuramba, pamwe nekuderera shrinkage uye warp. Kune bio-based shanduro dziripo kune maapplication anoda eco-hushamwari mhinduro. Iko kuoma kwezvinhu kunoita kuti ive imwe nzira isina kuremerwa kune simbi mune akawanda emotokari maapplication.

Polypropylene (PP):
PP isingadhuri semi-crystalline commodity resin. Sezvakawanda semi-crystalline polymers, inoshanduka uye inodzivirira kemikari. Mutengo wakaderera unoita kuti resin iyi ive sarudzo inosarudzika kune akawanda maapplication akadai semabhodhoro, kurongedza, uye pombi.

Celcon®:
Celon® izita rakajairika rezita reacetal, inozivikanwawo se polyoxymethylene (POM), polyacetal, kana polyformaldehyde. Iyi thermoplastic inopa kusimba kwakatanhamara, kupfeka kwakanakisa, kutsika kurwisa uye makemikari anonyungudutsa kuramba, nyore colorization, yakanaka kupisa kukanganisa, uye kuderera kwemwando. Celcon® inopawo kuomarara kwakanyanya uye yakanakisa dimensional kugadzikana.

LDPE:
Iyo yakanyanya kuchinjika mhando ye polyethylene, yakaderera-density polyethylene (LDPE) inopa yepamusoro hunyoro kuramba, yakakwirira-inobata simba, yakanaka makemikari kuramba, uye translucence. Sarudzo ine mutengo wakaderera, LDPE zvakare inodzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye inogona kugadziriswa nyore nenzira dzakawanda.

Kutsvaga Resin Yakakodzera
Kuita sarudzo yako yepurasitiki inogona kunge iri basa rakaoma, asi maitiro ekusarudza anogona kukamurwa kuita mashoma mashoma matanho. Tanga nekusarudza mhuri yezvinhu zvinokupa zvakawanda zvezvivakwa zvaunoda. Kana uchinge watemwa, sarudza giredhi rakakodzera resimbi yezvinhu. Online dhatabhesi inogona kubatsira mukupa bhenji kubva pakushanda. UL Prospector (yaimbova IDES) ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa dhatabhesi yekusarudza zvinhu. MAT Web inewo dhatabhesi yakakura, uye The British Plastics Federation inopa yakakwirira-level data uye tsananguro.

Plastic Additives Kuvandudza Hunhu
Marezeni akasiyana ane zvimiro zvakasiyana izvo zvaanozivikanwa nazvo. Sezvataona, idzo mhuri nhatu dzeresin (chigadzirwa, engineering, uye yepamusoro-inoshanda/hunyanzvi) ine zvese amorphous uye semi-crystalline dzimwe nzira. Kukwirira kwekuita, zvisinei, kunowedzera mutengo. Kubatsira kuchengetedza mutengo wakaderera, vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa zvinowedzera kana mafirita kuti vape humwe hunhu kune zvinhu zvinokwanisika nemutengo wakaderera.

Izvi zvinowedzera zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro kana kuendesa mamwe maitiro kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa. Pazasi pane mamwe akajairika ekuwedzera maapplication:

*Antimicrobial - Zvinowedzerwa zvinoshandiswa mune zvine chekuita nechikafu maapplication kana akanyanya-anobata zvigadzirwa zvevatengi.
*Anti-statics - Zvinowedzera izvo zvinoderedza static magetsi conduction, anowanzo shandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi.
*Plasticizers uye fibers - Plasticizers anoita kuti resin iwedzere kupfakanyika, nepo fiber inowedzera simba uye kuoma.
*Zvidzoresa moto - Izvi zvinowedzera zvinoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvisave nekupisa.
* Optical brighteners - Zvinowedzerwa zvinoshandiswa kuvandudza kuchena.
*Mavara - Zvinowedzera zvinowedzera ruvara kana zvakakosha mhedzisiro, senge fluorescence kana pearlescence.

Sarudzo Yekupedzisira
Kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera zvepurojekiti ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira zvikamu zvepurasitiki zvakakwana. Kufambira mberi kwesainzi yepolymer kwakabatsira mukugadzira sarudzo yakakura yemaresi kubva pakusarudza. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ushande nejekiseni molder ine ruzivo neakasiyana marezeni uye mashandisirwo, kusanganisira marezeni anowirirana neFDA, RoHS, REACH, uye NSF.

DJmolding, yakazvipira kupa vatengi vedu zvemhando yepamusoro majekiseni epurasitiki akaumbwa zvigadzirwa muindasitiri. Isu tinonzwisisa matambudziko akasarudzika anotarisana nevagadziri vezvigadzirwa uye vagadziri mune yega indasitiri. Hatisi vagadziri chete - isu tiri vagadziri. Isu tinozviita chinangwa chedu kuona kuti une yakakwana zvigadziriso zvekushandisa kune yega yega application.