Iziseko zenkqubo yokutofa iplastiki yokubumba inxalenye yeplastiki yokwenziwa

Izinto zePlastiki zibhalise uphuhliso olukhethekileyo kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo, oludlula olo lwazo naziphi na ezinye izinto zabathengi.

Okwangoku eNtshona Yurophu, umthamo wemveliso ye iplastiki imathiriyeli idlula imveliso yeNsimbi.

Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kuchazwa ikakhulu ngokunyuka kweemveliso zabathengi, ngokuthatha indawo enkulu yeplastiki, isinyithi kunye neglasi njengezinto zokuphatha, ukupakisha, izinto zokwakha, i-electronics, njl.

Izibonelelo ezibonelelwa ngezinto zeplastiki xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zezi zilandelayo:

• Zilula kwaye ngoko zinciphisa iindleko zokuthutha.
• Zomelele kwaye zihlala zomelele kwaye zikhuselekile.
• Zinokuveliswa kwiimilo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.
• Zineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana ne-thermal, i-acoustic kunye nokufakelwa kombane.
• Unokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zokutya.

Iiplastiki zisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe kwi-DIN 7728 kunye nemigangatho ye-DIN 16780 kwimixube yeplastiki.

Iiplastiki zizinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuba ziipolymers, ezithathwe kwiPetroleum okanye iGesi yeNdalo, ethwala iCarbon C, i-hydrogen H, i-oksijini O kunye nezinye iimolekyuli ezifana ne-nitrogen N, i-chlorine CL, isulfure S okanye i-CO2. Okwangoku, kuphela i-4% yeoli iguqulwa ibe yimpahla yeplastiki.

iplastiki ikhutshwe kwi-petroleum ngenkqubo ye-thermal distillation (i-cracking), apho i-Ethylene, i-Propylene, i-Butylene kunye nezinye i-hydrocarbons zihlukana.

Ii-Macromolecules, okanye iiplastiki, zenziwe ngobuninzi beeyunithi ezilula, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-monomers; ngelixa indibaniselwano yezi zincediswa yintsebenziswano yemichiza ivelisa iipolima.

Yintoni iipholima?

Iipolymers ziveliswa lumanyano lwamakhulu amawaka eemolekyuli ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziimonometers ezenza amatyathanga ahlukeneyo.

Ulwahlulo lwePlastiki:

• Iiplastiki zihlelwa ngokweenqobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokusekwe:
• Indlela yokwenza iPolymerization. (ipolymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition).
• Ubume bepolymer. (icrystallinity, superstructures).

Ukuziphatha / iimpawu zepolymer. (Iimveliso, iiplastiki zobugcisa, iiplastiki zokusebenza eziphezulu).

Ngokusekwe koku kungasentla, iiplastiki zihlelwa ngokwezi:

• Thermoplastics. (iiPolyolefins, iVinyl okanye iAcrylic Polymers, iiPolyamides, iiPolyesters, njl.njl.)
• IThermostable.
• Iielastomers.

Iimpawu zemishini yezinto ze-thermoplastic zihambelana neDegree yePolymerization, eyona nto ilinganisa inani leekhonkco ezenza ikhonkco le-molecular. Ngapha koko, inqanaba eliphezulu lepolymerization, iphezulu i-viscosity, kokukhona i-tensile kunye nokukrazuka kokumelana, kokukhona ukuqina, kokukhona ukuchasana kwempembelelo kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, utyekelo oluncinci lokucwebezela, umthamo omncinci wokudumba kunye nokuqhekeka koxinzelelo oluncinci. .

Kwimeko yezinto ze-Elastomeric kunye ne-Thermoset, iipropati zabo zifakwe kwi-Degree ye-Crosslinking, elinganisa ipesenteji yeendawo ezinqamlezayo (ukudibanisa phakathi kwama-molecule) kwinkqubo ye-polymer. Ukuphakama kweqondo le-crosslinking, ngakumbi ukuchasana kwezinto, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuchasana kwe-thermal.

Iiplastiki zilula, zinokubunjwa ngokulula, zibonelela ngeempawu ezintle kakhulu zomzimba kunye nezomatshini, zinokwenziwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, zinokuxutywa nezinye iiplastiki okanye ngezinto ezingaphiliyo, zinezinga eliphantsi kakhulu le-thermal kunye ne-conductivity yombane, zixhathisa kakhulu kwii-agent zekhemikhali, ziyakwazi ukungena, zisebenziseka kwakhona kwaye / okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe.

Ukufumana okungakumbi malunga neziseko ze inkqubo yokutofa ngeplastiki yokubumba yokwenziwa kwenxalenye yeplastiki, ungahlawula utyelelo kwi-Djmolding kwi https://www.djmolding.com/description-of-the-plastic-injection-molding-method-and-manufacturing-process-step-by-step/ ngolwazi olungakumbi.