Izisombululo kwiZiphene zokuBumba eziqhelekileyo zokubumba isitofu
Iziphene zixhaphakile xa usebenzisa ukubumba ukusetyenzwa kwamalungu okubumba inaliti yeplastiki, kwaye oku kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle. Ezi zilandelayo ziziphene eziqhelekileyo zokubumba kunye nezisombululo zeendawo zokubumba zeplastiki.
Izithonga ezimfutshane
Ukudubula okufutshane kubhekiselele kwiimveliso ezenziweyo aziphelelanga ngenxa yokubumba akugcwaliswanga ngokupheleleyo.
Esi siphene sihlala sibonakala kwindawo ekude kude nesango okanye iindawo ezinokufikelelwa kuphela kwiindawo ezimxinwa kwi-mold ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezinqabileyo zinokuchaphazela ukuhamba kweenyibilika.
Ukudubula okufutshane kunokubangela amanqaku okuhamba kancinci okanye kubangele ukuba inxalenye enkulu yemveliso ingabikho ngokucacileyo.
Isizathu:
Izizathu zokudubula okufutshane ziquka:
Imathiriyeli ekrwada etofelwe kukungunda ayonelanga.
Ukuchasana nokuncibilika kukhulu, okubangela ukuba isikhunta asikwazi ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo.
I-venting ye-mold ihluphekile kwaye ibangela isizukulwana se-cavitation esivimba ukunyibilika, okwenza ukuba i-melt ayikwazi ukugeleza kwezinye iindawo zokubumba.
Isipha
IiBurrs ziveliswa ngokuncamathela kwezinto ezikrwada ezigqithisiweyo ezikhutshelwe kumngxunya wokungunda kwimveliso.
Esi siphene siya kwimida kwimveliso okanye inxalenye nganye eyenziweyo yokungunda. Izinto eziluhlaza zinokuthi ziphuphume kwi-mold, okanye iindawo ezidibeneyo zokubumba ezihambayo kunye nokulungisa.
I-Burrs inokufumaneka kwi-mold core, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye i-angular pin.
Ubunzima be-burrs buhluka, ngamanye amaxesha buncinci, ngamanye amaxesha bugqithise.
Isizathu:
Izizathu ze-burrs ziquka:
Umphezulu wokungunda wonakele okanye unxitywe kakhulu.
I-mold ehambayo kunye nokulungisa i-mold i-dis-located xa ivaliwe.
Uxinzelelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada ekungundeni luphezulu kune-mold clamping force.
Umqathango wesithathu okhankanywe ngasentla unokubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwezi meko zilandelayo, uxinzelelo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada luphezulu kune-mold clamping force.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-injection mold (inqanaba lokuzalisa i-mold), izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza zizaliswe, okwandisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzalisa i-mold, ukuchasana okukhulu kwe-melt flow kuya kuphakamisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwi-mold, nayo.
Uxinzelelo lwe-mold cavity luphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lenqanaba lokubamba uxinzelelo.
Amandla okubamba umngundo akonelanga.
Ukucekeceka
Ukubola kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezininzi. Ubungakanani kunye nobuzaza bengxaki ziyahluka, nazo. Kwimeko enzima kakhulu, inokubangela ukuguga okupheleleyo kwemveliso kunye neempawu ezimbi zoomatshini. Ukuthotywa kwendawo kuya kubangela kuphela imigca emnyama okanye amabala.
Isizathu:
Ukuthotywa kwexabiso kubangelwa kukonakala kwezinto ezikrwada. Iimolekyuli zamatsheyini amade ezenza iiplastiki ziya kubola phantsi kwesenzo sobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lokucheba. Ngexesha lokubola kweeamolekyu, i-gas eguqukayo iya kukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuthotywa, eya kubangela ukuchithwa kombala wezinto eziluhlaza. Ukubola kwexabiso elikhulu leamolekyu ekugqibeleni kuya kuphula umxholo wezinto eziluhlaza kwaye kubangele impembelelo embi kwiipropati zomatshini.
Ukuthotywa kwendawo kunokubangelwa kubushushu obungalinganiyo bombhobho wezinto eziphathekayo.
Ukuthotywa kungenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Izinto ekrwada zifudunyezwa kakhulu kumgqomo wezinto eziphathekayo okanye inkqubo yembaleki eshushu.
Izinto eziluhlaza zihlala emgqomeni ixesha elide.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba inaliti, uxinzelelo lwe-chear olwenziwe kwizinto ezikrwada lukhulu kakhulu. Ukuba imilomo ivaliwe, okanye amasango kunye nembaleki zincinci kakhulu, kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo lokucheba.
Utshintsho
Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, iimilo zeemveliso kufuneka zihambelane ne-molds. I-deformation ibhekisela kukukhubazeka kweemveliso.
Xa imeko iya isiba mandundu, iimveliso ziya konakala ngokupheleleyo xa zikhutshiwe kubumba. Xa imeko ingekho nzulu, imilo yemveliso iya kubonakala izitenxo ezincinci.
Ixesha elide kodwa ngaphandle kweencasa zenkxaso okanye iinqwelomoya ezinkulu ziindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwi-deformation.
Isizathu:
Izinto ezibangela ukuguqulwa:
Ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu xa ukungunda kukhutshwa.
Njengoko ixesha lokupholisa lihlukile kwiindawo ezityebileyo nezibhityileyo, okanye umahluko weqondo lobushushu lokungunda ekuhambiseni umngundo kunye nokulungisa umngundo, ukushwabana ngaphakathi kweemveliso kuyahluka.
Ukuhamba komngundo akutyibiliki xa kuzaliswa (le nto ibizwa ngokuba “yi-Frizing orientation”) okanye uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kumgodi wokungunda luphezulu kakhulu kwinqanaba lokubamba uxinzelelo.
Ungcoliseko
Ukungcola kudla ngokubonakala ngendlela yamabala anemibala eyahlukeneyo, amabala okanye imivimbo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yindawo emnyama.
Ukungcola kusenokuba ngamabala amancinci, kodwa kunokuba yimigca ecacileyo okanye inxalenye enkulu yokususa umbala xa inzulu.
Isizathu:
Ukungcola kubangelwa yi-sundries exutywe kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada, efana nale:
Izinto eziluhlaza zixutywe kunye ne-sundries xa zithuthelwa kwimibhobho.
Ukubola kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunokuwa kuzo naziphi na iindlela zokusika kwaye zixutywe kwimathiriyeli ekrwada, njengeebholithi zoomatshini, udonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo wokomisa, amalungu / imilomo.
I-Lamination
I-lamination iya kuvelisa "impembelelo yesikhumba" ebusweni beemveliso, ezibangelwa ukungafani kweempawu kunye nokuthungwa kwendawo yeemveliso kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza, kwaye zenza isikhumba esiqhekezayo esinokususwa.
Xa i-lamination inzulu, yonke indawo yecandelo lomnqamlezo yenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kwaye ayizange inyibilikiswe kunye. Xa iziphene zingabonakali kangako, inkangeleko yeemveliso inokuhlangabezana neemfuno, kodwa iya kwaphula iipropathi zomatshini zeemveliso.
Isizathu:
Zimbini oonobangela abaphambili belamination. Eyokuqala kukuba xa iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada zixutywe ngokungalunganga. Izinto ezimbini eziluhlaza ziya kuhanjiswa kwi-barrel ngexesha elifanayo phantsi koxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukungunda kungenakunyibilika kunye xa kupholile, kanye njengokuba iileya ezahlukeneyo zixinzelelwa ndawonye ngenkani ukwenza iimveliso.
Okwesibini: ukuba ukuncibilika okubandayo kunyanzeliswa ukuba kudlule isango elimxinwa, uxinzelelo lwe-shear luya kuveliswa. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokucheba luya kubangela umaleko onyibilikayo unyibilike kwangaphambili awunakudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo.
Umngcipheko wokuxuba:
Enye into ekufuneka iqatshelwe kukuba ezinye izinto ezixutywe kunye ziya kubangela ukusabela okunamandla kweekhemikhali, njengePVC kunye ne-Avetal kufuneka zingaxutywa.
Silver linear
I-Sliver linear inokuba yinto yasekuhlaleni, kodwa inokwandiswa ukuya kwindawo yonke xa inzulu.
Umgca wesilivere uya kuchaphazela inkangeleko yeemveliso kwaye uyonakalisa iimpawu zomatshini weemveliso.
Isizathu:
La manqaku mabini alandelayo abangela umgca wesilivere:
Izinto ezikrwada zimanzi kwaye ezinye zazo ziyakufunxa umphunga emoyeni. Ukuba imathiriyeli ekrwada imanzi kakhulu, umphunga ocinezelekileyo unokuveliswa phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomphanda. Lo mphunga uqhekeza umphezulu wemveliso kwaye wenze imigca yesilivere.
Inyibilika yonakaliswa ngubushushu kwaye yenza ukuthotywa kwendawo. Irhasi eguquguqukayo eveliswayo iya kuvalelwa kumphezulu kubumba kwaye ivelise imigca kumphezulu weemveliso.
Oku akukho nto imbi njengokuthotywa kwesidima. Ngethuba nje iqondo lokushisa lokunyibilika liphezulu okanye liphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-shear ngexesha leplastiki okanye i-injection kwi-mold, oku kunokwenzeka.
Iglosi/isithunzi
Ukugqitywa komphezulu weemveliso kufuneka kufane nokubumba. Xa ukugqitywa komphezulu wesibini kwahlukile, iglosi/isithunzi iziphene zenzeke.
Umphezulu uya kuba mnyama xa kukho iziphene, kwaye umphezulu orhabaxa ugudileyo kwaye ubengezela.
Isizathu:
Izizathu zeglosi/isithunzi ziquka:
Ukunyibilika kuhamba ngokugudileyo okanye ubushushu bomphezulu wokungunda buphantsi, okukhokelela ekugqityweni komphezulu wokungunda akunakuphinda kuphindwe xa kubumba izinto.
Ngethuba lokunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kwi-cavity aluphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza izinto zibambelele kumphezulu we-mold kwinkqubo yokupholisa, ukushiya amanqaku okunciphisa.
Iimpawu zokuhamba
Amanqaku okugeleza anokufumaneka kumphezulu weemveliso kwiifom ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iya kwenza indawo yomthunzi.
Iimpawu ezihambayo azivelisi nayiphi na i-embossing okanye ukudakumba kumphezulu weemveliso, ezingenakuvakala ngeminwe. Esi siphene sikwabizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokutsala, ighosting, kunye nezithunzi.
Xa iimpawu zokuqukuqela zibonakala, ziya kuvelisa iigrooves, kwaye zishiye iziphene ezifana namanqaku kumphezulu weemveliso.
Isizathu:
Amanqaku ahambayo anokufumaneka xa :
Ukuhamba kokunyibilika kubi okanye ubushushu bomphezulu besikhunta buphantsi, kubangele ukuchasana okukhulu kweplastiki kwinkqubo yokuzalisa i-mold.
Ekuzaliseni i-mold, i-melted flow with resistance, enokuthi ibangelwa indawo engalinganiyo yokufa, amanqaku okanye iipatheni eziprintiweyo kwi-fair surface, okanye utshintsho lwe-melted flow direction ngexesha lokuzaliswa.
Umgca wokudibanisa
Umgca wokudibanisa uveliswa xa iimbumba ezimbini ezinyibilikayo zidibana ngexesha lokuzaliswa kwe-mold, kwaye ziya kubonakala phezu komgangatho wemveliso njengomgca.
Umgca wokudibanisa ufana nomgca wokuqhekeka kumphezulu weemveliso, ezingabonakali ukuba zibhaqe.
Xa uqulunqa i-molds, ezinye imigca yokudibanisa ebonakalayo ayinakuphepheka. Kule meko, inciphisa umgca wokudibanisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukukhusela amandla kunye nokubonakala kweemveliso zonakaliswe.
Isizathu:
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuveliswa kwe-melt front. Esona sizathu sinokuba kukunyibilika kokuhamba ecaleni komphetho wemold core. Xa ezi zimbini zinyibilikayo zidibana, zivelisa imigca yokudibanisa. Ubushushu bezinto ezimbini ezinyibilikayo zangaphambili kufuneka zibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze zivumeleke ukuba zidibanise ngempumelelo, kwaye zingachaphazeli amandla kunye nenkangeleko yeemveliso.
Xa ezi zimbini zinyibilikayo zingakwazi ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo, iziphene ziya kuveliswa.
Izinto ezibangela iziphene:
I-mold inamalungu amaninzi kwaye amancinci, kwaye isantya sokuhamba kweenyibilika sihluke, xa i-melt ihamba ngenxalenye encinci ye-mold, iqondo lokushisa liphantsi.
Ubude bembaleki nganye bahlukile. Ababaleki ababodwa baya kuba lula ukupholisa.
Uxinzelelo lwe-mold cavity alwanelanga ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukunyibilika ukuba kuxutywe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lenqanaba lokubamba uxinzelelo.
Amaqamza aseleyo enza ukuba umphambili onyibilikayo ungafiyi, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekutshisweni.
Ukutsha
Ukutshisa kuyafana nokudubula okufutshane, kodwa kunye neencam ezingafihliyo kunye nevumba elincinci lokutshisa. Iindawo ezimnyama zekhabhoni ziya kubonakala kwimveliso, xa imeko inzima, ihamba kunye nephunga lokutshisa iplastiki.
Ukuba iziphene azipheliswa, kudla ngokubakho ukubekwa okumnyama kwisikhuseli. Ukuba izinto zegesi okanye i-oyile eziveliswa ngokutshiswa azikhangelwa ngokukhawuleza, zinokuvala imingxuma yomoya. Ukutshisa ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka ekupheleni kweendlela.
Isizathu:
Ukutshisa kubangelwa yimpembelelo yangaphakathi yokutshisa. Xa uxinzelelo emoyeni lukhula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ukushisa kuya kuphakamisa kwaye kubangele ukutshisa. Ngokutsho kwedatha eqokelelweyo, umphumo wokutshisa kwangaphakathi kwinkqubo yokubumba i-injection inokuvelisa ukushisa okuphezulu ukuya kuma-600 degrees.
Ukutshisa kunokuveliswa xa:
Isantya sokuzalisa i-mold sikhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba umoya awukwazi ukuchithwa kwi-mold cavity, kwaye uvelise ama-bubbles emoyeni ngenxa yebhloko yeplastiki engenayo, kwaye iholele kwisiphumo sokutshisa kwangaphakathi emva kokunyanzeliswa.
Imingxuma yomoya ivaliwe okanye umoya awugudi.
Umoya ekubunjeni kufuneka ungabikho kwimingxuma yomoya. Ukuba i-ventilation ichaphazeleka kwindawo, inombolo, ubungakanani okanye imisebenzi, umoya uya kuhlala kwi-mold kwaye ukhokelela ekutshiseni. Amandla okubamba ukungunda okukhulu nawo aya kukhokelela ekungeneni komoya okulambathayo.
Ukuncipha
I-Shrinkage ibhekisa kwimingxuma emincinci kumphezulu weemveliso.
Xa iziphene zincinci, umphezulu weemveliso awulingani. Xa inzulu, indawo enkulu yeemveliso iya kuwa. Iimveliso ezinama-arches, izibambo kunye neeprotrusions zihlala zihlupheka ngenxa yeziphene ze-shrinkage.
Isizathu:
Ukucutheka kubangelwa kukucutheka kwendawo enkulu yemathiriyeli ekrwada ngexesha lokupholisa.
Kwindawo eshinyeneyo yeemveliso (njenge-arch), ubushushu obuphambili bezinto eziphathekayo buphantsi, ngoko ke ukushwabana kuya kwenzeka emva kwexesha kunomhlaba, okuya kuvelisa amandla okucutheka ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, kwaye kutsale icala elingaphandle kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. ukuvelisa ukucutheka.
Ukucutheka kwenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo:
Uxinzelelo kumgodi wokungunda ungaphantsi kumandla avela ekucuthekeni kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kwinkqubo yokupholisa.
Ukungonelanga kwexesha lokunyanzeliswa komgodi wokungunda ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa, okukhokelela ekuphumeni kwezinto ezikrwada ngaphandle kwecango ukusuka kwisango.
Imathiriyeli ekrwada ayinaso isakhono sebuffering esaneleyo ngexesha lokubumba kunye nenqanaba lokubamba uxinzelelo njengoko isikrufu sirhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba kutofwe imathiriyeli ekrwada egqithisileyo.
Iindawo ezinqamlezayo zamasango kunye neembaleki zincinci kakhulu kunobunzima beemveliso, oku kuthetha ukuba amasango asele enomkhenkce phambi kwenkqubo yemveliso ye-extrusion.
Iibhubhu
Amaqamza e-vacuum anikezelwa ngendlela yeebhubhu zomoya, ezinokufumaneka ngokulula kwiimveliso ezicacileyo. Inokubonwa nakwicandelo lomnqamlezo weemveliso ze-opaque.
Isizathu:
Amaqamza omoya yinxalenye yokufunxa yeemveliso, eziveliswa xa imathiriyeli ekrwada icutheka ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa.
Ngokufana nokuncipha, ingaphakathi lezinto ezikrwada livelisa amandla esivumelwano. Yintoni umahluko kukuba imbonakalo yangaphandle yeemveliso iye yaqiniswa xa iibhubhu zenziwe, kwaye akukho ukuwa, ngoko ke iibhubhu ezingenanto zenziwe.
Izizathu zamaqamu ziyafana nezo zokunciphisa, kubandakanywa:
Uxinzelelo lomngxunya olungasebenziyo
Ixesha elingonelanga loxinzelelo lwe-cavity
Ubungakanani bembaleki kunye nesango zincinci kakhulu
Amanqaku okutshiza
Iimpawu zokutshiza zibhekisa kwindawo enemisonto ejongene nesango. Iimpawu zokutshiza azichaphazeli nje ukubonakala kweemveliso, kodwa zichaphazela amandla emveliso.
Isizathu:
Amanqaku okutshiza abangelwa yi-melt flow out of control ngexesha lenkqubo yokuzalisa i-mold.
Iplastiki etyhidiweyo ingena kumngundo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuba isantya sokuzalisa isikhunta siphezulu kakhulu, iplastiki iya kukhupha kwisithuba esivulekileyo somgodi wokubumba, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ibuyele kwaye ipholile. Ngelo xesha, iintambo zenziwe, ezithintela iplastiki etyhidiweyo ukuba ingene kumasango.
Isizathu esiphambili sokutshiza amanqaku yindawo engafanelekanga yamasango okanye ukuyila kwesango. Ezi meko zimbini zilandelayo ziya kuyenza mandundu imeko yeziphene:
Isantya esiphezulu sokuzalisa isikhunta
Ukunyibilika kakubi ngexesha lokuzaliswa kwesikhunta
