Ukubumba inaliti yePlastiki yinkqubo eguquguqukayo nesebenzayo evumela abavelisi ukuba benze uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye namalungu avela kwiireyini zeplastiki ezinyibilikisiweyo. Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kubuchwephesha bokubumba kunye nophuhliso lwemathiriyeli, iipolymers kunye neeplastiki zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu olukhulayo lweemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ibonisa amandla alula, isibheno sobuhle, kunye nokuqina, iiplastiki ziba yinto ekhethwayo kumashishini ukusuka kwiimveliso zabathengi ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlaka zeplastiki ezikhoyo kwimarike, nganye kuzo ibonisa iimpawu ezizodwa ezenza kube luncedo kwizicelo ezithile. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-resin echanekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Ngeenjongo zokwenza iplastiki, intlaka iqulathe iplastiki okanye iipholima ezikwimeko engamanzi okanye eqinileyo enokufudunyezwa, inyibilikiswe, kwaye isetyenziswe ukwenza iinxalenye zeplastiki. Ekubunjweni kwesitofu, igama elithi resin libhekisa kwizinto ezinyibilikayo ze-thermoplastic okanye i-thermoset esetyenziswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba.

Iingqwalasela zokukhetha iResin
Iipolymer ezintsha kunye neekhompawundi ziziswa kwimarike rhoqo. Inani elikhulu lokukhetha linokwenza ukhetho lwezixhobo zokubumba zibe ngumngeni. Ukukhetha i-resin yeplastiki efanelekileyo kufuna ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo imveliso yokugqibela. Le mibuzo ilandelayo inokukunceda ukuba uqonde ezona mathiriyeli zibalaseleyo ze-resin kwiimfuno zakho.

1. Iyintoni injongo yenxalenye yokugqibela?
Xa ukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho, kufuneka uchaze ngokucacileyo iimfuno zomzimba zenxalenye, kubandakanywa noxinzelelo olunokubakho, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nobomi obulindelekileyo benkonzo yemveliso.
*Indawo kufuneka yomelele kangakanani?
*Ngaba inxalenye kufuneka ibe bhetyebhetye okanye ibe ngqongqo?
*Ingaba indawo kufuneka imelane namanqanaba angaqhelekanga oxinzelelo okanye ubunzima?
*Ingaba la malungu ayakuba sesichengeni kuzo naziphi na iikhemikhali okanye ezinye izinto?
*Ingaba la malungu ayakuba sesichengeni kubushushu obugqithisileyo okanye iimeko ezirhabaxa zokusingqongileyo?
*Ingakanani iminyaka elindelekileyo yokuphila kwenxalenye?

2. Ngaba kukho iingqwalasela ezikhethekileyo zobuhle?
Ukukhetha imveliso eyiyo kubandakanya ukufumana imathiriyeli enokubonisa umbala, ukungafihli, ukuthungwa, kunye nonyango lomphezulu olufunayo. Xa ukhetha i-resin yakho, cinga ukuba iya kuhlangabezana nembonakalo ecetyiweyo yemveliso yakho kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.
*Ingaba kufuneka kubekho ukungafihli okanye umbala othile?
*Ngaba uhlobo oluthile lokuthunga okanye ukugqiba luyafuneka?
*Ngaba kukho umbala okhoyo ofuna ukungqanyaniswa?
*Ngaba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo?

3. Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimfuno zolawulo ezisebenzayo?
Umba obalulekileyo wokhetho lweresin lubandakanya iimfuno zolawulo lwecandelo lakho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Umzekelo, ukuba inxalenye yakho iya kuthunyelwa kumazwe ngamazwe, isetyenziswe ekulungiseni ukutya, isetyenziswe kwizixhobo zonyango, okanye idityaniswe kwizicelo zobunjineli ezisebenza ngokuphezulu, kubalulekile ukuba izinto ozikhethayo zihlangabezane nemigangatho yoshishino oluyimfuneko kunye neemfuno zolawulo.
*Zeziphi iimfuno zolawulo ekufuneka inxalenye yakho ihlangabezane nazo, kuquka i-FDA, i-RoHS, i-NSF, okanye i-REACH?
*Ingaba imveliso kufuneka ikhuseleke ukuze isetyenziswe ngabantwana?
*Ingaba indawo kufuneka ikhuseleke ekutyeni?

I-Primer yePlastiki - I-Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic
Iiplastiki ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko: iiplastiki ze-thermoset kunye ne-thermoplastics. Ukukunceda ukhumbule umahluko, cinga ngee-thermosets kanye njengoko igama lithetha; "zibekwe" ngexesha lokucubungula. Xa ezi plastiki zifudunyezwa, kudala ukusabela kweekhemikhali ezibeka inxalenye ibe yifom esisigxina. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali akukwazi ukuguqulwa, ngoko ke iindawo ezenziwe nge-thermosets azikwazi ukuphinda zinyibilike okanye zenziwe ngokutsha. Ezi zixhobo zinokuba ngumngeni wokuhlaziya ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe i-polymer esekelwe kwi-bio.

I-Thermoplastics iyafudumala, emva koko ipholile kwi-mold ukwenza inxalenye. Ukwakheka kwemolekyuli ye-thermoplastic ayitshintshi xa ifudunyezwa kwaye ipholile, ukuze iphinde inyibilike ngokulula. Ngesi sizathu, i-thermoplastics kulula ukuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona. Babandakanya uninzi lweerensi zepolymer ezenziweyo kwimarike namhlanje kwaye zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubumba inaliti.

Ukulungisa ngokucokisekileyo ukuKhethwa kweResin
I-Thermoplastics ihlelwa ngokweentsapho kunye nohlobo. Ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu ezibanzi okanye iintsapho: ii-resin zempahla, ii-resin zobunjineli, kunye ne-specialty okanye i-resins ephezulu yokusebenza. Iireyisi eziphezulu zokusebenza nazo ziza neendleko eziphezulu, ngoko ke iirenki zempahla zihlala zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. Kulula ukusetyenzwa kwaye kungabizi, iireyini zentengiso zihlala zifumaneka kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezenziwe ngobuninzi ezifana nokupakishwa. Iireyini zobunjineli zibiza kakhulu kodwa zinika amandla angcono kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali kunye nokuvezwa kwendalo.

Kwintsapho nganye ye-resin, ezinye iirasi zine-morphology eyahlukileyo. I-Morphology ichaza ukulungelelaniswa kweemolekyuli kwi-resin, enokuthi iwele kwelinye lamacandelo amabini, i-amorphous kunye ne-semi-crystalline.

Iireyisi ze-amorphous zineempawu ezilandelayo:
*Ucuthe kancinci xa upholisiwe
*Bekungcono ukungafihli
* Sebenza kakuhle kwizicelo zokunyamezelana
*Uthanda ukuba brittle
*Ukumelana neekhemikhali okuphantsi

Iireyini ze-semi-crystalline zinezi mpawu zilandelayo:
*Idla ngokuba ne-opaque
*Ukuqhawuka okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali
*I-brittle encinci
*Amazinga aphezulu okucutheka

Imizekelo yeeNdidi zeResin ezifumanekayo
Ukufumana i-resin efanelekileyo kufuna ukuqondwa ngokucokisekileyo kweempawu ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu ezixhamlayo zezinto ezikhoyo. Ukukunceda ekufumaneni iqela elifanelekileyo lokukhetha iplastiki kwiimfuno zakho, siye saqulunqa esi sikhokelo sokukhetha izinto zokubumba inaliti.

Amorphous
Umzekelo we-amorphous, i-resin yempahla yi-polystyrene okanye i-PS. Njengoninzi lwe-amorphous resins, iyabonakala kwaye i-brittle, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezichanekileyo. Yenye yezona zibanzi
iiresin ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye zinokufunyanwa kwiplasitiki yokusika, iikomityi zamagwebu kunye neepleyiti.

Ephakamileyo kwisikali se-amorphous kukho iireyini zobunjineli ezifana nepolycarbonate okanye iPC. Kubushushu kunye nokumelana nedangatye kwaye ineempawu zokugquma umbane, ngoko ke isetyenziswa rhoqo kumacandelo e-elektroniki.

Umzekelo we-specialty okanye i-high-performance amorphous resin yi-polyetherimide okanye (PEI). Njengoninzi lwe-amorphous resins, inika amandla kunye nokumelana nobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezininzi ze-amorphous iyakwazi ukumelana neekhemikhali, ngoko ifumaneka rhoqo kwishishini le-aerospace.

I-semi-crystalline
I-resin ye-semi-crystalline yempahla engabizi kakhulu yi-polypropylene okanye i-PP. Njengoninzi lwe-semi-crystalline polymers, iyaguquguquka kwaye iyaxhathisa kwiikhemikhali. Iindleko eziphantsi zenza ukuba le resin ibe yinto ekhethiweyo kwizicelo ezininzi ezifana neebhotile, ukupakishwa, kunye nemibhobho.

Ubunjineli obudumileyo, i-semi-crystalline resin yi-polyamide (PA okanye iNylon). I-PA inikezela ukuxhathisa imichiza kunye ne-abrasion kunye nokushwabana okuphantsi kunye ne-warp. Kukho iinguqulelo ezisekwe kwibhayoloji ezifumanekayo zenza le mathiriyeli ibe yindlela elungele umhlaba. Ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo buyenza ibe yinto elula yokukhanya kwintsimbi kwizicelo zeemoto.

I-PEEK okanye i-polyetheretherketone yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-semi-crystalline high-performance resins. Le resin inika amandla kunye nokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye neekhemikhali kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifunayo kubandakanya iibheringi, iimpompo, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango.

IiResins zeAmorphous
I-ABS: I-ABS idibanisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwe-acrylonitrile kunye ne-styrene polymers kunye nokuqina kwerabha ye-polybutadiene. I-ABS ibunjwa ngokulula kwaye ibonelela ngombala, isiphumo esikhazimlayo kunye nokugqitywa komgangatho ophezulu. Le polymer yeplastiki ayinayo indawo yokunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo.

HIPS: I-High-Impact Polysyrene (HIPS) ibonelela ngokumelana neempembelelo ezilungileyo, ukucofa okugqwesileyo, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zobuhle, kunye nemigangatho enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso. I-HIPS inokuprintwa, incamatheliswe, idityaniswe, kwaye ihonjiswe ngokulula. Ikwayonga kakhulu iindleko.

I-Polyetherimide (PEI): I-PEI ngumzekelo omhle we-specialty okanye i-high-performance amorphous resin. I-PEI inika amandla kunye nokumelana nobushushu njengezona ntlafuno zininzi ze-amorphous. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izixhobo ze-amorphous, nangona kunjalo, iyakwazi ukumelana neekhemikhali, iyenza ibe luncedo kakhulu kwishishini le-aerospace.

Ipolycarbonate (PC): Ephakamileyo kwisikali se-amorphous kukho iireyini zobunjineli ezifana ne-polycarbonate. I-PC iyaxhathisa ubushushu kunye nedangatye kwaye ineempawu zokugquma umbane, ezisoloko zisetyenziswa kwizinto zombane.

Ipolystyrene (PS): Umzekelo we-amorphous, i-resin yempahla yi-polystyrene. Njengoninzi lwe-amorphous resins, i-PS icacile kwaye i-brittle, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezichanekileyo. Yenye yezona ntlaka zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye inokufumaneka kwiplasitiki yokusika, iikomityi zamagwebu, kunye neepleyiti.

IiResin zeSemicrystalline
I-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK):
I-PEEK yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-semi-crystalline high-performance resins. Le resin inika amandla, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifuna ngamandla, kubandakanya iibheringi, iimpompo, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango.

IPoliamide (PA)/Nayiloni:
I-Polyamide, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yinayiloni, yiresin edumileyo yobunjineli yesemi-crystalline. I-PA inikezela ukuchasana kweekhemikhali kunye ne-abrasion, kunye ne-shrinkage ephantsi kunye ne-warp. Kukho iinguqulelo ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezikhoyo kwizicelo ezifuna isisombululo se-eco-friendly. Ukuqina kwempahla kwenza kube yinto ekhaphukhaphu kwintsimbi kwizicelo ezininzi zeemoto.

Ipolypropylene (PP):
I-PP yintlaka yemveliso yesemi-crystalline engabizi kakhulu. Njengoninzi lwe-semi-crystalline polymers, iyaguquguquka kwaye iyaxhathisa kwiikhemikhali. Iindleko eziphantsi zenza le resin ibe yinto ekhethwayo kwizicelo ezininzi ezifana neebhotile, ukupakishwa, kunye nemibhobho.

Celcon®:
I-Celon® ligama eliqhelekileyo le-acetal, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyoxymethylene (POM), i-polyacetal, okanye i-polyformaldehyde. Le thermoplastic ibonelela ngokuqina okugqwesileyo, ukunxiba okugqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa ukukhasa kunye nokuxhathisa ukunyibilika kweekhemikhali, ukufakwa kombala ngokulula, ukuphazamiseka okulungileyo kobushushu, kunye nokufunxa ukufuma okuphantsi. I-Celcon® ikwabonelela ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nozinzo olubalaseleyo.

I-LDPE:
Olona hlobo oluguquguqukayo lwe-polyethylene, i-polyethylene ephantsi (i-LDPE) inikezela ukuxhathisa ukufuma okuphezulu, amandla anamandla aphezulu, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali okulungileyo, kunye nokuguquguquka. Inketho enexabiso eliphantsi, i-LDPE ikhuselekile kwimozulu kwaye inokusetyenzwa ngokulula ngeendlela ezininzi.

Ukufumana iResin efanelekileyo
Ukwenza ukhetho lwakho lwezinto zeplastiki kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa inkqubo yokukhetha inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanyathelo ambalwa alula. Qala ngokukhetha usapho lwezinto eziya kukunika uninzi lweempawu ozifunayo. Nje ukuba uzimisele, khetha ibakala elifanelekileyo leresin yezinto. Oovimba beenkcukacha be-Intanethi banokuncedisa ekuboneleleni ngebenchmark ekusetyenzwa kuyo. I-UL Prospector (eyayisakuba yi-IDES) yenye yezona ndawo ziyaziwa kakhulu zokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. IWebhu yeMAT nayo inesiseko sedatha esibanzi, kwaye iBritish Plastics Federation ibonelela ngedatha ephezulu kunye neenkcazo.

Izongezo zePlastiki zokuphucula iimpawu
Iintlaka ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezaziwa ngazo. Njengoko sibonile, iintsapho ezintathu ze-resin (impahla, ubunjineli, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu / okukhethekileyo) ziqulethe zombini iindlela ze-amorphous kunye ne-semi-crystalline. Iphezulu ukusebenza, nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eliphezulu. Ukunceda ukugcina iindleko ziphantsi, abaninzi abavelisi basebenzisa izongezo okanye izihluzi ukunika iimpawu ezongezelelweyo kwizinto ezifikelelekayo ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ezi zongezo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza okanye ukuhambisa ezinye iimpawu kwimveliso yokugqibela. Apha ngezantsi zezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ezongezo izicelo:

* I-Antimicrobial - Izongezo ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinxulumene nokutya okanye iimveliso zabathengi abaphezulu.
*Anti-statics-Izongezo ezinciphisa ukuqhutywa kombane ongatshintshiyo, ezihlala zisetyenziswa kwizinto zombane ezibuthathaka.
*Iiplastiki zeplastiki kunye neentsinga -Iiplastiki zenza i-resin ibe lula ngakumbi, ngelixa iifayibha zongeza amandla kunye nokuqina.
*Iiretadants zomlilo – Ezi zongezo zenza iimveliso zimelane nokutsha.
*Izikhanyisi zokukhanya -Izongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ubumhlophe.
*Imibala-Izongezo ezongeza umbala okanye iziphumo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana ne-fluorescence okanye i-pearlescence.

UKhetho Lokugqibela
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekudaleni iinxalenye zeplastiki ezigqibeleleyo. Inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yepolymer ibe negalelo ekuphuhliseni ukhetho olukhulu lweeresina ekunokuthi kukhethwe kuzo. Kubalulekile ukusebenza kunye ne-injection molder enamava ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-resin kunye nezicelo, kubandakanywa ne-resin ezihambelana ne-FDA, i-RoHS, i-REACH, kunye ne-NSF.

I-DJmolding, izibophelele ekuboneleleni abathengi bethu ngeyona mveliso iphezulu yomgangatho ophezulu weplastikhi eyenziweyo kwishishini. Siyayiqonda imingeni eyodwa ejongene nabaphuhlisi bemveliso kunye nabavelisi kuwo onke amashishini. Asingabo nje abavelisi - singabavelisi. Senza kube yinjongo yethu yokuqinisekisa ukuba unezisombululo zemathiriyeli ezifanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye.