Okuyisisekelo kwenqubo yokujova epulasitiki yokubumba yokukhiqiza izingxenye zepulasitiki

Izinto zepulasitiki zibhalise intuthuko eyingqayizivele kule minyaka engu-50 edlule, edlula leyo yanoma iyiphi enye impahla yabathengi.

Njengamanje eNtshonalanga Yurophu, umthamo wokukhiqiza we plastic izinto zokwakha zidlula ukukhiqizwa kwe-Steel.

Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kuchazwa ngokuyinhloko ukwanda kwemikhiqizo yabathengi, ngokushintsha kakhulu amapulasitiki, izinsimbi kanye nengilazi njengezinto zokufaka iziqukathi, ukupakisha, izinto zokwakha, izinto zikagesi, njll.

Izinzuzo ezinikezwa ngezinto zepulasitiki uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinto yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Alula ngakho anciphisa izindleko zokuhamba.
• Ziqinile futhi zivame ukuba namandla futhi ziphephile.
• Zingakhiqizwa ezinkulungwaneni zamajamo kanye nezicelo.
• Zinezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nokushisa okushisayo, i-acoustic kanye nogesi kagesi.
• Ungasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudla.

Amapulastiki alinganiswe ngokususelwe kumazinga e-DIN 7728 kanye ne-DIN 16780 yezingxube zepulasitiki.

Amapulasitiki yizinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-polymers, asuselwa ku-Petroleum noma Igesi Yemvelo, ethwala i-Carbon C, i-hydrogen H, i-oxygen O namanye ama-molecule afana ne-nitrogen N, i-chlorine CL, isulfur S noma i-CO2. Njengamanje, ama-4% kuphela kawoyela aguqulwa abe izinto zepulasitiki.

plastic ikhishwa ku-petroleum ngenqubo ye-distillation eshisayo (ukuqhekeka), lapho i-Ethylene, i-Propylene, i-Butylene namanye ama-hydrocarbon ahlukaniswa khona.

Ama-macromolecules, noma amapulasitiki, akhiwe ngenqwaba yamayunithi esakhiwo alula, abizwa ngokuthi ama-monomers; kuyilapho ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu kusizwa ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali kubangela ama-polymers.

Ayini ama-polymers?

Ama-polymers akhiqizwa ukuhlangana kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-molecule amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-monometer akha amaketanga ahlukahlukene kakhulu.

Izigaba zePlastiki:

• Amapulasitiki ahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ehlukene, ngokusekelwe ku:
• Indlela yokwenza i-polymerization. (i-polymerization, i-polycondensation, i-polyaddition).
• Isakhiwo sepolymer. (crystallinity, superstructures).

Ukuziphatha / izakhiwo ze-polymer. (Izimpahla, amapulasitiki obuchwepheshe, amapulasitiki asebenza kakhulu).

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, amapulasitiki ahlukaniswa abe:

• I-Thermoplastics. (Ama-Polyolefins, Vinyl noma Acrylic Polymers, Polyamides, Polyesters, njll.)
• I-thermostable.
• Ama-elastomers.

Izakhiwo zemishini yezinto ze-thermoplastic zihlobene ne-Degree of Polymerization, okuyinani elikala inani lezixhumanisi ezakha iketango lamangqamuzana. Eqinisweni, ukuphakama kwezinga le-polymerization, i-viscosity ephakeme kakhulu, i-viscosity iyanda, i-tensile nezinyembezi ukumelana okukhulu, ukuqina okukhulu, ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthambekela okuncane kokucwebezela, umthamo omncane wokuvuvukala kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane kwengcindezi. .

Endabeni yezinto ze-Elastomeric ne-Thermoset, izakhiwo zazo zifakwe esimweni nge-Degree of Crosslinking, ekala iphesenti lamaphoyinti axhumanisayo (ukubopha phakathi kwama-molecule) ohlelweni lwe-polymer. Ukuphakama kwezinga le-crosslinking, kukhulu ukumelana kwempahla, ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana kwayo nokushisa.

Amapulasitiki alula, angabunjwa kalula, ahlinzeka ngezinto ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nemishini, angenziwa ngemibala ehlukene, angaxutshwa namanye amapulasitiki noma ngezinto ezingaphili, anamazinga aphansi kakhulu okushisa okushisayo nogesi, amelana kakhulu nama-ejenti amakhemikhali, ayangeneka, angasetshenziswa kabusha futhi/noma agaywa kabusha.

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana fundamentals of the inqubo yokujova ipulasitiki yokubumba yokukhiqiza izingxenye zepulasitiki, ungavakashela ku-Djmolding ku https://www.djmolding.com/description-of-the-plastic-injection-molding-method-and-manufacturing-process-step-by-step/ ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.