Izixazululo Zokukhubazeka Okujwayelekile Kokubumba Kokubumba Umjovo
Amaphutha ajwayelekile uma usebenzisa isikhunta ukucubungula izingxenye zokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki, futhi lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula. Okulandelayo yiziphambeko ezivamile zokubumba kanye nezixazululo zezingxenye zokubunjwa komjovo wepulasitiki.
Amashothi amafushane
Isibhamu esifushane sibhekisela emikhiqizweni eyenziwe ayiphelele ngenxa yokuthi isikhunta asigcwaliswa ngokugcwele.
Lesi sici ngokuvamile sivela endaweni ekude kakhulu nesango noma izingxenye ezingafinyelelwa kuphela ngezindawo eziwumngcingo esikhunjeni ngoba izindawo ezincane zingase zithinte ukugeleza kokuncibilika.
Ukudubula okufushane kungase kubangele izimpawu zokugeleza okuncane noma kuphumele ekutheni ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo ishodeke ngokusobala.
Isizathu:
Izimbangela zokuthatha izithombe ezimfushane zifaka:
Impahla eluhlaza ejovwe esikhunjeni ayanele.
Ukumelana nokuncibilika kukhulu, okuholela ekutheni isikhunta asikwazi ukugcwaliswa ngokuphelele.
I-venting yesikhunta impofu futhi ibangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-cavitation evimbela ukuncibilika, okwenza ukuncibilika kungakwazi ukugeleza kwezinye izindawo zesikhunta.
I-Burrs
Ama-Burr akhiqizwa ngokunamathela kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokweqile ezikhishwe emgodini wesikhunta ziye emkhiqizweni.
Lesi sici sizoba semiphethweni yomkhiqizo noma ingxenye ngayinye eyenziwe yesikhunta. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zingase zichichime kusukela ekubunjweni, noma izindawo zokubopha zokubunjwa ezihambayo nezilungisayo.
Ama-Burrs nawo angatholakala kumold core, okungenxa yokucindezela kwe-hydraulic noma iphinikhodi ye-angular.
Ukuqina kwama-burrs kuyahlukahluka, kwesinye isikhathi mncane, kwesinye isikhathi kushubile.
Isizathu:
Izimbangela ze-burrs zihlanganisa:
Isikhunta esibambayo sonakalisiwe noma sigqokwe kakhulu.
Isikhunta esinyakazayo kanye nesikhunta sokulungisa asitholakali lapho sikhiyiwe.
Ingcindezi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ekubunjeni iphakeme kune-mold clamping force.
Isimo sesithathu esishiwo ngenhla singabangelwa izizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kulezi zimo ezilandelayo, ingcindezi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ingaphezu kwamandla okuqinisa isikhunta.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesikhunta somjovo (isiteji sokugcwalisa isikhunta), impahla eluhlaza kakhulu igcwele, okwandisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwesikhunta.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa isikhunta, ukumelana okukhulu kokuncibilika kokugeleza kuzophakamisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, futhi.
Umfutho we-mold cavity uphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sesiteji sokubamba ingcindezi.
Amandla okubamba isikhunta awanele.
Ukuqothuka
Ukubola kungaholela emiphumeleni eminingi. Ubukhulu nobukhulu benkinga kuyehluka, futhi. Esimeni esibucayi kakhulu, kungase kubangele ukushintsha kombala okuphelele komkhiqizo kanye nezakhiwo ezimbi zemishini. Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo kuzodala imithende emnyama noma amabala.
Isizathu:
Ukucekelwa phansi kudalwa ukuthi impahla eluhlaza yonakaliswa. Ama-molecule amaketango amade akha amapulasitiki azobola ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa ngokweqile noma ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kwe-shear. Ngesikhathi sokubola kwama-molecule, igesi eguquguqukayo izosheshisa inqubo yokuwohloka, okuzobangela ukukhishwa kombala kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukubola kwenani elikhulu lama-molecule ekugcineni kuzophula okuqukethwe kwempahla eluhlaza futhi kubangele ithonya elibi kuzakhiwo zemishini.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo kungase kubangelwe izinga lokushisa elingalingani lomgqomo wezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukwehliswa kungenzeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zishiselwa kakhulu emgqonyeni wezinto ezibonakalayo noma kusistimu yomgijimi oshisayo.
Impahla eluhlaza ihlala emgqonyeni isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokubumba umjovo, ukucindezelwa kwe-shear okwenziwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kukhulu kakhulu. Uma ama-nozzles evinjiwe, noma amasango kanye nomgijimi emincane kakhulu, kuzokwandisa ukucindezeleka kokugunda.
Ukuguqulwa
Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo kufanele kuhambisane nalokhu kwesikhunta. I-deformation isho ukukhubazeka kwemikhiqizo.
Lapho isimo siba sibi kakhulu, imikhiqizo izokhubazeka ngokuphelele lapho ikhishwa esikhunjeni. Uma isimo singesibi kakhulu, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kuzovela okungajwayelekile okuncane.
Isikhathi eside kodwa esingenayo imiphetho yokusekela noma izindiza ezinkulu yizindawo ezivame kakhulu ukuwohloka.
Isizathu:
Izinkinga ze-deformation:
Izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu lapho isikhunta sikhululwa.
Njengoba isikhathi sokupholisa sihlukile ezindaweni eziwugqinsi nezincane, noma umehluko wokushisa kwesikhunta ekunyakazeni isikhunta nokulungisa isikhunta, ukuncipha ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo kuhlukile.
Ukugeleza kwesikhunta akusheleli lapho kugcwaliswa (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “Ukuma kwesikhunta”) noma ingcindezi engaphakathi kwesikhunta iphezulu kakhulu esiteji sokubamba ingcindezi.
Ukungcola
Ukungcola kuvame ukuvela ngendlela yamabala anemibala ehlukene, ama-patches noma imigqa. Okuvame kakhulu indawo emnyama.
Ukungcola kungase kube amachashaza amancane, kodwa kungase kube imigqa esobala noma ingxenye enkulu yokususa umbala uma kubucayi.
Isizathu:
Ukungcola kubangelwa ama-sundries ahlanganiswe nezinto ezingavuthiwe, njenge:
Impahla eluhlaza ixubene nama-sundries lapho ihanjiswa emiphongolweni.
Ukubola kwempahla eluhlaza kungase kube ukuwa kunoma yiziphi izindlela zokusika futhi kuxutshwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, njengamabhawudi omshini, udonga lwangaphakathi lwesigubhu esomisayo, amalunga / imibhobho.
Isililo
I-lamination izokhiqiza "umphumela wesikhumba" ebusweni bemikhiqizo, okubangelwa umehluko wezakhiwo kanye nokuthungwa kobuso bemikhiqizo nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi yakha isikhumba esicwebezelayo esingasuswa.
Uma i-lamination ibucayi, yonke indawo ye-cross section yenziwe izingqimba ezihlukene, futhi ayizange incibilikiswe ndawonye. Uma ukukhubazeka kungabonakali kakhulu, ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo kungase kuhlangabezane nezidingo, kodwa kuzophula izakhiwo zemishini zemikhiqizo.
Isizathu:
Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lamination. Esokuqala siwukuthi lapho izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa zihlanganiswe ngokungalungile. Izinto ezimbili zokusetshenziswa zizothuthelwa emgqonyeni ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Nokho, lapho isikhunta singenakuncibilika ndawonye lapho sipholile, njengoba nje izingqimba ezihlukene zicindezelwa ndawonye ukuze zenze imikhiqizo.
Okwesibili: uma ukuncibilika okubandayo kuphoqeleka ukuba kudlule isango elincane, ukucindezeleka kwe-shear kuzokwenziwa. Ukucindezelwa kwe-shear okuphezulu kakhulu kuzodala ukuthi ungqimba oluncibilikisiwe luncibilike kusengaphambili alukwazi ukuxutshwa ngokuphelele.
Ingozi yokuxuba:
Into eyodwa okufanele iqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganiswe ndawonye zizoholela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuqinile, njenge-PVC ne-Avetal akumele kuhlanganiswe.
Umugqa wesiliva
I-Sliver linear ingase ibe isenzakalo sasendaweni, kodwa inganwetshwa kuyo yonke indawo lapho ibucayi.
I-Silver linear izophazamisa ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo futhi iphinde kulimaze izakhiwo zemishini zemikhiqizo.
Isizathu:
Amaphuzu amabili alandelayo abangela umugqa wesiliva:
Impahla eluhlaza imanzi futhi ezinye zazo zizomunca isitimu emoyeni. Uma impahla eluhlaza imanzi kakhulu, umhwamuko ocindezelwe ungase ukhiqizwe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela okukhulu komgqomo. Lezi zihwamuko zigqekeza ebusweni bomkhiqizo bese zenza imithende esiliva.
I-melt yonakaliswa ngokushisa futhi idala ukuwohloka kwendawo. Igesi eguquguqukayo ekhiqizwayo izovinjelwa endaweni esikhunjeni futhi ikhiqize imithende ebusweni bemikhiqizo.
Lokhu akukubi njengokwehliswa kwesithunzi. Uma nje izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika liphezulu noma lingaphansi kwengcindezi ye-shear ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwepulasitiki noma ukujova esikhunjeni, lokhu kungenzeka.
Isicwebezelisi/isithunzi
Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo kufanele lifane nelesikhunta. Lapho ukuqedwa okungaphezulu kokubili kwehlukile, kwenzeka iphutha le-gloss/shadow.
Ingaphezulu lizoba mnyama lapho konakala, futhi indawo emagebhugebhu ibushelelezi futhi icwebezele.
Isizathu:
Izimbangela zokucwebezela/isithunzi zifaka:
Ukuncibilika kugeleza ngokungasheleli noma izinga lokushisa lendawo yesikhunta liphansi, okuholela ekuqedeni kwesikhunta akukwazi ukuphinda kuphindwe lapho kubumba impahla.
Ngesikhathi sokubamba ingcindezi, ukucindezela emgodini akuphakeme ngokwanele ukwenza izinto zibambelele ebusweni besikhunta enkambweni yokupholisa, kushiya amamaki okuncipha.
Amamaki okugeleza
Izimpawu zokugeleza zingatholakala ebusweni bemikhiqizo ngamafomu amaningi. Ngokuvamile, izokwakha indawo yomthunzi.
Izimpawu zokugeleza azikhiqizi noma yikuphi ukugqamisa noma ukucindezeleka ebusweni bemikhiqizo, engakwazi ukuzwakala ngeminwe. Lesi sici sibizwa nangokuthi izimpawu zokudonsa, i-ghosting, nezithunzi.
Uma ama-flow marks esobala, azokhiqiza ama-grooves, futhi ashiye amaphutha njengamamaki ebusweni bemikhiqizo.
Isizathu:
Izimpawu zokugeleza zingatholakala uma:
Ukugeleza kokuncibilika kumpofu noma izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lesikhunta liphansi, okuholela ekuphikisweni okukhulu kokugeleza kwepulasitiki enkambweni yokugcwalisa isikhunta.
Ekugcwalisweni kwesikhunta, ukuncibilika kokuncibilika kokumelana, okungase kubangelwe indawo engalingani yokufa, amamaki noma amaphethini aphrintiwe endaweni yokufa, noma ukuguqulwa kwesiqondiso sokuncibilika kokuncibilika phakathi nenqubo yokugcwalisa.
Umugqa wokuhlanganisa
Umugqa wokuhlanganisa ukhiqizwa lapho izingxenye ezimbili ezincibilikayo zihlangana ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwesikhunta, futhi zizovela ebusweni bomkhiqizo njengomugqa.
Umugqa wokuhlanganisa ufana nomugqa wokuqhekeka ebusweni bemikhiqizo, okungekho obala ukuwubona.
Lapho uklama isikhunta, eminye imigqa yokuhlanganisa ebonakalayo ayinakugwenywa. Kulokhu, kufinyeza umugqa wokuhlanganisa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela amandla nokubukeka kwemikhiqizo okonakaliswa.
Isizathu:
Kunezizathu eziningi zokwakhiwa kwe-melt front. Isizathu esingenzeka kakhulu kungaba ukuncibilika kokugeleza emaphethelweni engqikithi yesikhunta. Lapho ukuncibilika okubili kuhlangana, kukhiqiza imigqa yokuhlanganisa. Izinga lokushisa lama-melts amabili ngaphambili kufanele libe phezulu ngokwanele ukuwavumela ukuthi ahlangane ngempumelelo, futhi angathinti amandla nokubukeka kwemikhiqizo.
Lapho lezi zincibiliko ezimbili zingakwazi ukuhlangana ndawonye ngokuphelele, amaphutha azokhiqizwa.
Izimbangela zokukhubazeka:
Isikhunta sinezingxenye ezinkulu futhi ezincane, futhi ijubane lokugeleza lokuncibilika lihlukile, lapho ukuncibilika kugeleza engxenyeni encane yesikhunta, izinga lokushisa liphansi.
Ubude bomgijimi ngamunye buhlukile. Abagijimi ababodwa kuzoba lula ukupholisa.
Ukucindezela kwe-mold cavity ayanele ngokwanele ukuvumela ukuncibilika kuhlangane ngokuphelele phakathi nesiteji sokubamba ingcindezi.
Amabhamuza asele enza ingaphambili elincibilikayo lingakwazi ukuhlangana, okuzoholela nasekushiseni.
Ukuvutha
Ukushiswa kufana nokudubula okufushane, kodwa kunemiphetho efiphalayo engajwayelekile kanye nephunga elincane elivuthayo. Izindawo ezimnyama zekhabhoni zizovela kumkhiqizo, lapho isimo sibucayi, sihambisana nephunga lokushiswa kwepulasitiki.
Uma iziphambeko zingaqediwe, kuvame ukufakwa okumnyama esikhunjeni. Uma izinto zegesi noma zikawoyela ezikhiqizwa ngokushiswa zingahlolisiswa ngokushesha, zingase zivimbe izimbobo zomoya. Ukushiswa ngokuvamile kutholakala ekupheleni kwezindlela.
Isizathu:
Ukushisa kubangelwa umphumela womlilo wangaphakathi. Lapho ukucindezela emoyeni kukhula kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka futhi libangele ukushisa. Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqiwe, umphumela womlilo wangaphakathi enqubweni yokubumba umjovo ungaveza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elifika kuma-degree angu-600.
Ukushiswa kungakhiqizwa lapho:
Isivinini sokugcwalisa isikhunta siyashesha ukuze umoya ungavinjelwa emgodini wesikhunta, futhi ukhiqize ama-bubbles emoyeni ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki engenayo, futhi kuholele kumphumela womlilo wangaphakathi ngemuva kokucindezelwa.
Izimbobo zomoya zivaliwe noma umoya awubushelelezi.
Umoya osesikhunjeni kufanele ususwe emigodini yomoya. Uma ukungena komoya kuthinteka isikhundla, inombolo, ubukhulu noma imisebenzi, umoya uzohlala esikhunjini futhi uholele ekushiseni. Amandla amakhulu okubamba isikhunta nawo azoholela ekungeneni komoya okuncane.
Shrinkage
I-Shrinkage ibhekisela emigodini emincane engaphezulu kwemikhiqizo.
Uma amaphutha amancane, ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo alilingani. Uma ibucayi, indawo enkulu yemikhiqizo izowa. Imikhiqizo enama-arches, izibambo kanye nama-protrusions ngokuvamile ihlushwa ukukhubazeka kokuncipha.
Isizathu:
Ukuncipha kubangelwa ukuncipha kwendawo enkulu yezinto ezingavuthiwe ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Endaweni ewugqinsi yemikhiqizo (njenge-arch), izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lezinto liphansi, ngakho-ke ukushwabana kuzokwenzeka kamuva kunalokho okungaphezulu, okuzokhiqiza amandla okufinyeza ngaphakathi kwempahla eluhlaza, futhi kudonsele uhlangothi olungaphandle ekucindezelekeni kwangaphakathi. ukukhiqiza ukuncipha.
Ukuncipha kwenzeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:
Ingcindezi endaweni yokubumba iphansi kunamandla akhiqizwe ekuncipheni kwempahla eluhlaza ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Isikhathi sokucindezela esinganele somgodi wokukhunta phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa, okuholela ekuphumeni kwempahla eluhlaza kuphuma emgodini ukusuka esangweni.
Impahla eluhlaza ayinawo umthamo owanele wokubhafa ngesikhathi sokubumba nokubamba ingcindezi njengoba isikulufu sihoxiswa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuba kujovwe impahla eluhlaza okweqile.
Izingxenye eziphambanayo zamasango nabagijimi zincane kakhulu kunobukhulu bemikhiqizo, okusho ukuthi amasango asevele eqandisiwe ngaphambi kwenqubo yokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo.
Amabhubhu
Amabhamuza e-vacuum ethulwa ngendlela yamabhamuza omoya, angatholakala kalula emikhiqizweni esobala. Kungabonakala futhi esigabeni esiphambanweni semikhiqizo e-opaque.
Isizathu:
Amabhamuza omoya ayingxenye yevacuum yemikhiqizo, ekhiqizwa lapho impahla eluhlaza ishwabana ngesikhathi sokupholisa.
Ngokufanayo nokuncipha, ingaphakathi lempahla eluhlaza likhiqiza amandla enkontileka. Uyini umehluko ukuthi ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwemikhiqizo kuye kwaqina lapho ama-bubbles akhiwa, futhi akukho ukugoqa, ngakho-ke ama-bubbles angenalutho akhiqizwa.
Izimbangela zamabhamuza ziyefana nalezo zokunciphisa, kufaka phakathi:
Ukucindezela kwe-mold cavity engasebenzi kahle
Isikhathi esinganele sokucindezela i-cavity
Usayizi womgijimi nesango mancane kakhulu
Izimpawu zokufafaza
Izimpawu zokufafaza zibhekisela endaweni enentambo ebhekene nesango. Izimpawu zokufafaza azithinti nje kuphela ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo, kodwa futhi zithinta amandla emikhiqizo.
Isizathu:
Izimpawu zokufafaza zibangelwa ukugeleza kokuncibilika ngaphandle kokulawula ngesikhathi senqubo yokugcwalisa isikhunta.
Ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe ingena esikhunjeni ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Uma isivinini sokugcwalisa isikhunta siphezulu kakhulu, ipulasitiki izokhipha igebe elivulekile le-mold cavity, futhi ngokushesha ibuyele emuva futhi ipholile. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhiwa imicu, evimba ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe engena emasangweni.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokufafaza amamaki yindawo engalungile yamasango noma ukwakheka kwesango. Izimo ezimbili ezilandelayo zizothuthukisa isimo sokukhubazeka:
Isivinini sokugcwalisa isikhunta esiphezulu
Ukuncibilika okungalungile ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kwesikhunta
