Izinhlobo ezi-5 Zokubumba Ipulasitiki Zabakhiqizi Bemikhiqizo Yepulasitiki Ngokwezifiso

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamapulasitiki: i-thermoplastic futhi i-thermo-rigid. I-Thermoplastics iyancibilika futhi i-thermoplastic ayincibiliki. Umehluko uwukuthi ama-polymers akhiwa kanjani. Ama-polymers, noma amaketanga ama-athomu, afana nezintambo ezinohlangothi olulodwa ku-thermoplastics, futhi uma zincibilika, zingathatha isimo esisha. Ku-thermo-rigid amanethiwekhi anezinhlangothi ezintathu ahlala egcina umumo wawo. Izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukwakha noma ukubumba amapulasitiki, amanye asebenzela kuphela ama-thermoplastics, amanye kuphela ama-thermo-rigid kanti ezinye izinqubo zisebenza kokubili.

I-Extrusion

I-Extrusion iyinqubo yokubumba eqala ngezinto zepulasitiki “eziluhlaza” njengama-granules, impushana, noma amaparele. I-hopper ifaka ipulasitiki egumbini elijikelezayo. Ikamelo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-extruder, lixuba futhi lincibilikise ipulasitiki. Ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe iphoqeleka ukuthi iphume ngefasi bese ithatha isimo somkhiqizo oqediwe. Into iwela ebhandeni lokuthutha lapho ipholiswa khona ngamanzi bese isikwa. Eminye imikhiqizo engenziwa nge-extrusion ihlanganisa amashidi, ifilimu namashubhu.

Ukubunjwa kwe-injection

Ukubunjwa kwe-injection isebenzisa isimiso esifanayo njenge-extrusion. Ipulasitiki eluhlaza ifakwa ku-hopper ekamelweni lokushisa. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuphoqwa ukuba udlule kufa, uphoqeleka ukuba ube isikhunta esibandayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ipulasitiki iyaphola futhi iqine, futhi umkhiqizo uyahlanzwa futhi uqedwe. Eminye imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomjovo ihlanganisa ukupakishwa kwebhotela, izikepisi zamabhodlela, amathoyizi kanye nefenisha yasengadini.

Blow ukubumba

I-Blow molding isebenzisa umjovo womoya ngemuva kokuthi ipulasitiki isikhishiwe noma ijovwe. I-Extrusion blow molding isebenzisa i-die eyenza ishubhu lepulasitiki elishisayo elinesikhunta esipholile nxazonke. Umoya ocindezelwe ujovwa ngeshubhu ukuphoqa ipulasitiki ukuthi ithathe isimo sesikhunta. Lokhu kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe izimo ezingenalutho eziqhubekayo nezifanayo, kodwa kufanele bafake umjovo ngamunye wabo. Ukuvuthela ngomjovo nakho kusebenzisa isikhunta somjovo, kodwa esikhundleni sokuthola umkhiqizo osuphelile, isikhunta siyisinyathelo esiphakathi lapho ipulasitiki ishiselwa khona ukuze ifuthelwe esimweni sayo sokugcina ekubumbeni okuhlukile okubandayo.

Ukubunjwa kokucindezela

Ukubumba ukucindezela kuyinqubo yokuthatha umthamo oshiwo ngaphambili wepulasitiki, uwubeke esikhunjeni, bese usebenzisa esinye isikhunta ukusichoboza noma ukusicindezela sibe yisikhunta sokuqala. Inqubo ingaba othomathikhi noma imanuwali futhi ifaneleka kokubili izinto ze-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermo-rigid.

I-Thermoformed

I-Thermoforming iyinqubo yokushisa ifilimu yepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuyincibilikisa, ukuthambisa ngokwanele ukuthatha isimo sesikhunta esicindezelwa kuso. Umkhiqizi wenza ipulasitiki ithathe umumo oyifunayo usebenzisa ingcindezi ephezulu, i-vacuum noma isikhunta sowesilisa. Ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo ophelile usupholile, uyasuswa esikhunjeni futhi izinsalela zigaywe kabusha ukuze zisetshenziswe efilimini entsha.

Inqubo yokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki

Ukubumba umjovo kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza ipulasitiki. Isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokubumba umjovo ukuphakela ama-granules epulasitiki ku-hopper, ebese ifaka ama-granules kusilinda. Umgqomo uyashisisa futhi uqukethe esinye isikulufu noma isijojo senqama. Esinye isikulufu sivame ukutholakala emishinini ekhiqiza izingxenye ezincane. Isikulufu esiphindaphindayo sichoboza ama-granules, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ipulasitiki ifakwe uketshezi. Ngaphambi komgqomo, isikulufu esiphindaphindayo siyisa ipulasitiki ewuketshezi phambili, sijova ipulasitiki ngombhobho kanye nasesikhunjeni esingenalutho. Ngokungafani nomgqomo, isikhunta sigcinwa sibanda ukuze siqinise ipulasitiki ibe yisimo esifanele. Amapuleti esikhunta abanjwe avaliwe ipuleti elikhulu (okubhekiselwa kulo njengepuleti eligudlukayo). Ipuleti elinyakazayo lixhunywe ku-hydraulic piston, ecindezela isikhunta. Ukugoqa okuvaliwe kwesikhunta sepulasitiki kuvimbela ukuthi singaphumi, okungadala ukugoba ezingxenyeni eziqediwe.

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