Ukubumba umjovo wePlastiki kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo evumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo nezingxenye ezivela ezinsikeni zepulasitiki ezincibilikisiwe. Njengomphumela wokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bokubumba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ama-polymers namapulasitiki afakwe ohlwini olubanzi olukhulayo lwemikhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa. Iqukethe amandla angasindi, ukukhanga kobuhle, nokuqina, amapulasitiki aba into ekhethwayo yezimboni kusukela kumikhiqizo yabathengi kuya kumishini yezokwelapha.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlaka zepulasitiki ezitholakalayo emakethe, ngayinye yazo ebonisa izici ezihlukile ezenza kube usizo ezinhlelweni ezithile. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-resin efanele ngezidingo zakho. Ngezinjongo zokwenziwa kwepulasitiki, inhlaka ihlanganisa ipulasitiki noma ama-polymers endaweni ewuketshezi noma eqinile engashiswa, incibilike futhi isetshenziselwe ukwakha izingxenye zepulasitiki. Ekubumbeni umjovo, igama elithi resin libhekisela ezintweni ezincibilikisiwe ze-thermoplastic noma ze-thermoset ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubumba umjovo.

Imibono yokukhetha i-resin
Ama-polymer amasha kanye nezinhlanganisela zethulwa njalo emakethe. Inani elikhulu lezinketho lingenza ukukhetha izinto zokubumba umjovo kube inselele. Ukukhetha i-resin yepulasitiki efanele kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele komkhiqizo wokugcina. Imibuzo elandelayo ingakusiza ukuthi uthole izinto ezingcono kakhulu ze-resin ngezidingo zakho.

1. Iyini inhloso ehlosiwe yengxenye yokugcina?
Lapho ukhetha into efanele yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile izidingo zomzimba zengxenye, okuhlanganisa izinto ezingase zibe nokucindezeleka, izimo zemvelo, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, nempilo yesevisi elindelekile yomkhiqizo.
*Ingxenye kumele ibe namandla kangakanani?
*Ingabe ingxenye idinga ukuguquguquka noma iqine?
*Ingabe ingxenye idinga ukumelana namazinga angajwayelekile okucindezela noma isisindo?
*Ingabe izingxenye zizovezwa kunoma imaphi amakhemikhali noma ezinye izakhi?
*Ingabe izingxenye zizochayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu noma izimo zemvelo ezinzima?
*Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yengxenye?

2. Ingabe kukhona ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile kobuhle?
Ukukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele kufaka phakathi ukuthola into engabonisa umbala, ukukhanya, ukuthungwa, nokwelashwa kwendawo okudingayo. Lapho ukhetha inhlaka yakho, cabanga ukuthi izohlangabezana yini nokubukeka okuhlosiwe komkhiqizo wakho kanye nezidingo zokusebenza.
*Ingabe ukucaca okuthile noma umbala uyadingeka?
*Ingabe ukuthungwa okuthile noma isiphetho siyadingeka?
*Ingabe ukhona umbala okhona odinga ukufaniswa?
*Ingabe i-embossing kufanele icatshangelwe?

3. Ingabe zikhona izidingo zokulawula ezisebenzayo?
Isici esibalulekile sokukhethwa kwe-resin sihlanganisa izidingo zokulawula zengxenye yakho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe. Isibonelo, uma ingxenye yakho izothunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, isetshenziswe ekucutshungulweni kokudla, isetshenziswe emishinini yezokwelapha, noma ifakwe ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi okokusebenza okukhethile kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zomkhakha kanye nezidingo zokulawula.
*Iziphi izimfuneko zokulawula okufanele ingxenye yakho ihlangabezane nazo, okuhlanganisa i-FDA, i-RoHS, i-NSF, noma i-REACH?
*Ingabe umkhiqizo udinga ukuthi uphephe ukusetshenziswa izingane?
*Ingabe ingxenye idinga ukuphepha kokudla?

I-Plastic Primer – Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic
Amapulasitiki awela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ipulasitiki ye-thermoset kanye ne-thermoplastics. Ukuze sikusize ukhumbule umehluko, cabanga ngama-thermoset njengoba nje igama lisho; "zisethiwe" ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Uma la mapulasitiki eshiselwa, kudala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenza ingxenye ibe ifomu elihlala njalo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali akubuyiseleki emuva, ngakho izingxenye ezenziwe ngama-thermosets azikwazi ukuphinda zincibilike noma zibunjwe kabusha. Lezi zinto zingaba inselele yokubuyisela kabusha ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswe i-polymer esekelwe ku-bio.

I-Thermoplastics iyashiswa, bese ipholiswa ngesikhunta ukuze ibe yingxenye. Ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana e-thermoplastic akushintshi lapho ishiselwa futhi selehlile, ukuze incibilike kabusha kalula. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-thermoplastics kulula ukuphinda asetshenziswe futhi asetshenziswe kabusha. Ahlanganisa iningi lama-polymer resins akhiqizwa emakethe namuhla futhi asetshenziswa enqubweni yokubumba umjovo.

Ukulungisa Kahle Ukukhetha Resin
I-Thermoplastics ihlukaniswa ngokomndeni kanye nohlobo. Ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu ezibanzi noma imindeni: ama-resin wempahla, ama-resin wobunjiniyela, kanye nezinsimbi ezikhethekile noma ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-resin asebenza kahle kakhulu eza nezindleko eziphakeme, ngakho-ke ama-resin wempahla avame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi zansuku zonke. Kulula ukucutshungulwa futhi akubizi, ama-resin wempahla ngokuvamile atholakala ezintweni ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi ezifana nokupakishwa. Izinsalela zobunjiniyela zibiza kakhulu kodwa zinikeza amandla angcono nokumelana namakhemikhali nokuchayeka kwemvelo.

Emkhayeni ngamunye we-resin, amanye ama-resin ane-morphology ehlukene. I-Morphology ichaza ukuhlelwa kwama-molecule e-resin, engase iwele kwesinye sezigaba ezimbili, i-amorphous ne-semi-crystalline.

Ama-amorphous resins anezici ezilandelayo:
*Nciphisa kancane uma upholile
*Ukucaca okungcono
*Sebenzisa kahle izicelo zokubekezelela okuqinile
*Kujwayele ukuba brittle
*Ukumelana namakhemikhali aphansi

Ama-Semi-crystalline resins anezici ezilandelayo:
*Ivamise ukuba ne-opaque
*Ukuhuzuka okuhle kakhulu nokumelana namakhemikhali
*I-brittle encane
*Amazinga aphezulu okuncipha

Izibonelo Zezinhlobo Ze-resin Ezitholakalayo
Ukuthola i-resin efanele kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezakhiwo zomzimba kanye nezimfanelo ezizuzisayo zezinto ezitholakalayo. Ukukusiza ekutholeni iqembu elifanele lokukhetha ipulasitiki lezidingo zakho, sihlanganise inkomba elandelayo yokukhetha impahla yokubumba yomjovo.

amorphous
Isibonelo se-amorphous, resin yempahla i-polystyrene noma i-PS. Njengama-amorphous resins amaningi, isobala futhi i-brittle, kodwa ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinembayo. Ingenye ebanzi kakhulu
ama-resin asetshenzisiwe futhi angatholakala ku-plastic cutlery, izinkomishi zegwebu, namapuleti.

Phezulu esikalini se-amorphous kukhona izinhlaka zobunjiniyela njenge-polycarbonate noma i-PC. Iyakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa nelangabi futhi inezinto zokuvikela ugesi, ngakho ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi.

Isibonelo se-amorphous resin ekhethekile noma esebenza kahle kakhulu yi-polyetherimide noma (PEI). Njengama-amorphous resins amaningi, inikeza amandla nokumelana nokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziningi ze-amorphous nayo imelana namakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela ivame ukutholakala embonini ye-aerospace.

I-semi-crystalline
I-semi-crystalline commodity resin engabizi i-polypropylene noma i-PP. Njengamanye ama-semi-crystalline polymers amaningi, iyaguquguquka futhi imelana namakhemikhali. Izindleko eziphansi zenza le resin ibe yisinqumo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezifana namabhodlela, ukupakisha, namapayipi.

Ubunjiniyela obudumile, i-semi-crystalline resin yi-polyamide (PA noma inayiloni). I-PA inikeza ukumelana kwamakhemikhali nokuhuzuka kanye nokuncipha okuphansi kanye ne-warp. Kukhona izinguqulo ezisekelwe ku-bio ezitholakalayo okwenza le nto ibe enye indlela evumelana nomhlaba. Ukuqina kwento esetshenziswayo kuyenza ibe enye enesisindo esilula kunensimbi ezinhlelweni zezimoto.

I-PEEK noma i-polyetheretherketone ingenye yama-resin asebenza kakhulu e-semi-crystalline asebenza kakhulu. Le resin inikeza amandla kanye nokumelana nokushisa namakhemikhali futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu okuhlanganisa ama-bearing, amaphampu, nezifakelo zezokwelapha.

Ama-Amorphous Resins
I-ABS: I-ABS ihlanganisa amandla nokuqina kwe-acrylonitrile nama-styrene polymers nokuqina kwerabha ye-polybutadiene. I-ABS ibunjwa kalula futhi ihlinzeka ngomphumela ongenambala, ocwebezelayo onomphetho ongaphezulu wekhwalithi ephezulu. Le polymer yepulasitiki ayinayo indawo yokuncibilika ngqo.

AMAHIPS: I-High-Impact polysyrene (HIPS) ihlinzeka ngokumelana nomthelela omuhle, ukuhleleka okuhle kakhulu, ukuqina okuhle kwe-dimensional, izimfanelo zobuhle ezivelele, kanye nezindawo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu. I-HIPS ingaphrintwa, inamathiselwe, ihlanganiswe, futhi ihlotshiswe kalula. Iphinde iyonga kakhulu.

I-Polyetherimide (PEI): I-PEI iyisibonelo esihle se-amorphous resin ekhethekile noma esebenza kahle kakhulu. I-PEI inikeza amandla nokumelana nokushisa njengamaningi ama-amorphous resins. Ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziningi ze-amorphous, nokho, iyakwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali, okwenza ibe usizo kakhulu embonini ye-aerospace.

I-Polycarbonate (PC): Phezulu esikalini se-amorphous kukhona izinhlaka zobunjiniyela njenge-polycarbonate. I-PC imelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nelangabi futhi inezinto zokuvikela ugesi zikagesi, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zikagesi.

I-Polystyrene (PS): Isibonelo se-amorphous, resin yempahla i-polystyrene. Njengama-amorphous resins amaningi, i-PS isobala futhi i-brittle, kodwa ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinembayo. Ingenye yama-resin asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ingatholakala ku-plastic cutlery, izinkomishi zegwebu, namapuleti.

Ama-Semicrystalline Resins
I-Polyetheretherketone (PEEK):
I-PEEK ingenye yezinhlaka ezisebenza kakhulu ze-semi-crystalline ezisebenza kakhulu. Le resin inikeza amandla, ukumelana nokushisa, nokumelana namakhemikhali futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ama-bearing, amaphampu, nezifakelo zezokwelapha.

I-Polyamide (PA)/Inayiloni:
I-Polyamide, evame ukubizwa ngayo ngokuthi inayiloni, iyinhlaka edumile yobunjiniyela be-semi-crystalline. I-PA inikeza ukumelana kwamakhemikhali nokuhuzuka, kanye nokuncipha okuphansi kanye ne-warp. Kunezinguqulo ezisekelwe ku-bio ezitholakalayo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga isisombululo esivumelana nemvelo. Ukuqina kwento kuyenza ibe enye indlela engasindi kunensimbi ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimoto.

I-Polypropylene (PP):
I-PP iyinhlaka yempahla ye-semi-crystalline engabizi. Njengamanye ama-semi-crystalline polymers amaningi, iyaguquguquka futhi imelana namakhemikhali. Izindleko eziphansi zenza le resin ibe yisinqumo esikhethwayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi njengamabhodlela, ukupakisha, namapayipi.

I-Celcon®:
I-Celon® yigama lomkhiqizo elivamile le-acetal, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyoxymethylene (POM), i-polyacetal, noma i-polyformaldehyde. Le thermoplastic inikezela ngokuqina okuvelele, ukugqokwa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokukhasa kanye nokumelana ne-solvent yamakhemikhali, ukufakwa kombala okulula, ukuhlanekezela okuhle kokushisa, nokumunca umswakama ophansi. I-Celcon® iphinde inikeze ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-dimensional.

I-LDPE:
Uhlobo oluguquguqukayo kakhulu lwe-polyethylene, i-polyethylene ephansi kakhulu (i-LDPE) inikeza ukumelana nomswakama ophakeme, amandla omthelela omkhulu, ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokuguquguquka. Inketho eshibhile, i-LDPE nayo ivikela isimo sezulu futhi ingacutshungulwa kalula ngezindlela eziningi.

Ukuthola i-Resin Elungile
Ukwenza ukukhetha kwakho kwempahla yepulasitiki kungaba umsebenzi onzima, kodwa inqubo yokukhetha ingahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula. Qala ngokukhetha umndeni wezinto ezizokunikeza izakhiwo eziningi ozifunayo. Uma sekunqunyiwe, khetha ibanga elifanele le-resin ebonakalayo. Imininingo egciniwe eku-inthanethi ingasiza ekunikezeni ibhentshimakhi okuzosebenza kuyo. I-UL Prospector (owayekade eyi-IDES) ingenye yemininingwane yolwazi eyaziwa kakhulu yokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo. I-MAT Web nayo inesizindalwazi esibanzi, futhi I-British Plastics Federation inikeza idatha nezincazelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Izithasiselo Zepulasitiki Zokuthuthukisa Izimpawu
Ama-resin ahlukahlukene anezici ezihlukile aziwa ngazo. Njengoba sesibonile, imindeni emithathu ye-resin (impahla, ubunjiniyela, nokusebenza okuphezulu/okukhethekile) iqukethe kokubili okunye okuhlukile kwe-amorphous kanye ne-semi-crystalline. Ukusebenza okuphezulu, nokho, izindleko ziphezulu. Ukusiza ukugcina izindleko ziphansi, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa izithasiselo noma izigcwalisi ukuze banikeze izimfanelo ezengeziwe ezintweni ezithengekayo ngezindleko eziphansi.

Lezi zengezo zingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza noma ukudlulisa ezinye izici kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngezansi ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingeziwe ezivame kakhulu:

*I-Antimicrobial - Izengezo ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlobene nokudla noma emikhiqizweni yabathengi ephezulu.
*Ama-Anti-statics - Izengezo ezehlisa ukuqhutshwa kukagesi omile, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa kuma-electronics abucayi.
*Ama-Plasticizer namafayibha - Ama-Plasticizer enza inhlaka iphenduleke kalula, kuyilapho imicu yengeza amandla nokuqina.
*Amaretadanti omlilo - Lezi zithasiselo zenza imikhiqizo imelane nokusha.
*Okukhanya okukhanyayo - Izithasiselo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ubumhlophe.
*Imibala - Izengezo ezengeza umbala noma imiphumela ekhethekile, efana ne-fluorescence noma i-pearlescence.

Ukukhetha Okokugcina
Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zephrojekthi kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni izingxenye zepulasitiki eziphelele. Ukuthuthuka kwesayensi ye-polymer kube nomthelela ekwakheni ukukhethwa okukhulu kwama-resin ongakhetha kuwo. Kubalulekile ukusebenza ngesibunze somjovo esinolwazi ngezinhlobonhlobo zamarensi nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nezinsalela ezihambisana ne-FDA, RoHS, REACH, kanye ne-NSF.

I-DJmolding, izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ethu ngemikhiqizo ebunjiwe yomjovo wepulasitiki esezingeni eliphezulu embonini. Siyaziqonda izinselele ezihlukile ezibhekene nabathuthukisi bemikhiqizo nabakhiqizi kuyo yonke imboni. Asibona nje abakhiqizi - singabasunguli. Sikwenza umgomo wethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unezixazululo eziphelele zezinto ezibonakalayo kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza.